Rahn R
Department of Dental Surgery, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
Postgrad Med J. 1993;69 Suppl 3:S4-9.
Due to the great number of different micro-organisms present, the oral cavity is an important source of infection. Infections caused by these micro-organisms can occur as local infections of the oral mucous membrane, local infections of the soft tissues or the bones following surgical intervention, or endocarditis due to bacteraemia following dental surgery. In the therapy of periodontal diseases, the application of antiseptic solutions is indicated to inhibit or reduce plaque accumulation. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solution will reduce inflammation and the progression of periodontal disease. The application of antiseptics in the oral mucous membrane is also indicated to prevent wound infections following surgical intervention in patients with leukaemia, AIDS, immunosuppressant therapy and patients undergoing anti-neoplastic radiation or chemotherapy. Some trials on the antibacterial efficacy of PVP-I in vivo showed reduction factors of log 2-3. PVP-I may therefore be recommended as an oral antiseptic. The irrigation of the gingival sulcus with an antiseptic solution is a useful complement to antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at risk of bacterial endocarditis. Many trials on the effectiveness of PVP-I on dental extraction bacteraemia have shown a significant benefit in the active group in comparison with the control group.
由于口腔中存在大量不同的微生物，口腔是一个重要的感染源。这些微生物引起的感染可能表现为口腔黏膜的局部感染、手术干预后软组织或骨骼的局部感染，或牙科手术后因菌血症导致的心内膜炎。在牙周疾病的治疗中，使用抗菌溶液可抑制或减少牙菌斑的积聚。聚维酮碘（PVP - I）溶液可减轻炎症并减缓牙周疾病的进展。在白血病、艾滋病患者、接受免疫抑制治疗的患者以及接受抗肿瘤放疗或化疗的患者进行手术干预后，在口腔黏膜使用抗菌剂也可预防伤口感染。一些关于PVP - I体内抗菌效果的试验显示其抑菌系数为log 2 - 3。因此，PVP - I可被推荐作为口腔抗菌剂。用抗菌溶液冲洗牙龈沟是对有细菌性心内膜炎风险患者进行抗生素预防的有益补充。许多关于PVP - I对拔牙后菌血症有效性的试验表明，与对照组相比，试验组有显著益处。
