Zhang Jianfen, Zhang Na, Li Yibin, He Hairong, Song Ge, Chen Junying, Yan Yi, Ma Guansheng
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, Haidian, China.
Department of Student Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Xicheng, China.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Oct 22;6:1458242. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1458242. eCollection 2024.
The study aimed to explore the associations between water intake and body composition and differences of body composition in different water itake and hydration statuses among young male athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids (TDF) and water from food were assessed using a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake record questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality of 24-hour urine and blood samples was tested. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer twice at 5-min intervals. Participants were divided into two groups based on the recommendations of total water intake (TWI) and TDF in China, as well as into three groups based on 24-h urine osmolality. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between water intake and body composition. Chi-square tests and Student's -tests were used to compare differences. A total of 109 participants completed the study. TDF ( = 0.230, = 0.016; = 0.234, = 0.014; = 0.242, = 0.011) and TWI ( = 0.275, = 0.004; = 0.243, = 0.011; = 0.243, = 0.011) were positively correlated with total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW). TBW/body weight (BW) was positively associated with TDF percentage of BW (TDF/BW) ( = 0.267, = 0.005), water from food percentage of BW ( = 0.217, = 0.024), and TWI percentage of BW (TWI/BW) ( = 0.316, = 0.001). Participants who met the TDF recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM), 0.9 kg higher ICW, and 0.5% higher TBW/BW than those who did not (all < 0.05), with fat-free mass (FFM) and TBW being higher ( = 0.051; = 0.050). Those who met the TWI recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher SMM, 2.4 kg higher FFM, 1.1 kg higher ICW, 0.6 kg higher ECW, and 1.7 kg higher TBW than their counterparts (all < 0.05). Moderate associations were found between water intake and body composition. No significant differences were observed among participants in three hydration statuses (all > 0.05). Participants who met the TWI or TDF recommendations had better body composition distribution than their counterparts. Thus, habitual water intake, not hydration status, affects body composition among athletes in free-living conditions.
该研究旨在探讨年轻男性运动员的水摄入量与身体成分之间的关联，以及不同水摄入量和水合状态下身体成分的差异。在中国北京对111名年轻男性运动员进行了一项横断面研究。分别使用7天24小时液体摄入记录问卷和双份食物法评估总饮用水（TDF）和食物中的水。检测24小时尿液和血液样本的渗透压。使用生物电阻抗分析仪每隔5分钟测量两次身体成分。根据中国总水摄入量（TWI）和TDF的建议将参与者分为两组，并根据24小时尿渗透压分为三组。计算Pearson相关系数以确定水摄入量与身体成分之间的关系。使用卡方检验和学生t检验比较差异。共有109名参与者完成了研究。TDF（r = 0.230，P = 0.016；r = 0.234，P = 0.014；r = 0.242，P = 0.011）和TWI（r = 0.275，P = 0.004；r = 0.243，P = 0.011；r = 0.243，P = 0.011）与总体水（TBW）、细胞内水（ICW）和细胞外水（ECW）呈正相关。TBW/体重（BW）与BW的TDF百分比（TDF/BW）（r = 0.267，P = 0.005）、BW的食物中的水百分比（r = 0.217，P = 0.024）和BW的TWI百分比（TWI/BW）（r = 0.316，P = 0.001）呈正相关。符合中国TDF建议的参与者比未符合的参与者骨骼肌质量（SMM）高1.3千克、ICW高0.9千克、TBW/BW高0.5%（均P < 0.05），无脂肪质量（FFM）和TBW更高（P = 0.051；P = 0.050）。符合中国TWI建议的参与者比未符合的参与者SMM高1.3千克、FFM高2.4千克、ICW高1.1千克、ECW高0.6千克以及TBW高1.7千克（均P < 0.05）。发现水摄入量与身体成分之间存在中度关联。在三种水合状态的参与者之间未观察到显著差异（均P > 0.05）。符合TWI或TDF建议的参与者比未符合的参与者身体成分分布更好。因此，在自由生活条件下，习惯性水摄入量而非水合状态影响运动员的身体成分。
