The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Sep 2;48(17):10079-88. doi: 10.1021/es501611u. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Ocean acidification (OA) effects on larvae are partially attributed for the rapidly declining oyster production in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. This OA effect is a serious concern in SE Asia, which produces >80% of the world's oysters. Because climate-related stressors rarely act alone, we need to consider OA effects on oysters in combination with warming and reduced salinity. Here, the interactive effects of these three climate-related stressors on the larval growth of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were examined. Larvae were cultured in combinations of temperature (24 and 30 °C), pH (8.1 and 7.4), and salinity (15 psu and 25 psu) for 58 days to the early juvenile stage. Decreased pH (pH 7.4), elevated temperature (30 °C), and reduced salinity (15 psu) significantly delayed pre- and post-settlement growth. Elevated temperature lowered the larval lipid index, a proxy for physiological quality, and negated the negative effects of decreased pH on attachment and metamorphosis only in a salinity of 25 psu. The negative effects of multiple stressors on larval metamorphosis were not due to reduced size or depleted lipid reserves at the time of metamorphosis. Our results supported the hypothesis that the C. gigas larvae are vulnerable to the interactions of OA with reduced salinity and warming in Yellow Sea coastal waters now and in the future.
海洋酸化（OA）对幼虫的影响部分归因于美国太平洋西北地区牡蛎产量的迅速下降。这种 OA 效应在东南亚地区是一个严重的问题，因为该地区生产了全球超过 80%的牡蛎。由于与气候相关的胁迫因素很少单独作用，我们需要考虑 OA 对牡蛎的影响，同时考虑到海水变暖以及盐度降低的因素。在这里，我们研究了这三种与气候相关的胁迫因素对太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）幼虫生长的相互作用。幼虫在温度（24 和 30°C）、pH（8.1 和 7.4）和盐度（15 和 25 psu）的组合中培养了 58 天，直到早期幼体阶段。pH 值降低（pH 值 7.4）、温度升高（30°C）和盐度降低（15 psu）显著延迟了附着前和附着后的生长。高温降低了幼虫的脂质指数，这是生理质量的一个指标，仅在盐度为 25 psu 时，高温抵消了 pH 值降低对附着和变态的负面影响。在变态时，多个胁迫因素对幼虫变态的负面影响并不是由于体型减小或脂质储备减少造成的。我们的研究结果支持了这样一个假设，即在黄海沿海水域，C. gigas 幼虫易受 OA 与低盐度和海水变暖相互作用的影响，无论是现在还是未来。
