van de Laar Maria C, van den Wildenberg Wery P M, van Boxtel Geert J M, van der Molen Maurits W
Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2014 Oct;102:54-67. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.06.003. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
To gain more insight into the development of action control, the current brain potential study examined response selection, activation, and selective inhibition during choice- and stop-signal processing in three age groups (8-, 12-, and 21-year-olds). Results revealed that age groups differed in the implementation of proactive control; children slowed their go response and showed reduced cortical motor output compared to adults. On failed inhibition trials, children were less able than adults to suppress muscle output resulting in increased partial-inhibition rates. On invalid stop trials, all age groups initially activated, subsequently inhibited, and then reactivated the go response. Yet, children were less efficient in implementing this strategy. Then, older children recruit motor responses to a greater extent than younger children and adults, which reduced the efficiency of implementing response inhibition and proactive control. The results are discussed in relation to current notions of developmental change in proactive and reactive action control.
为了更深入地了解动作控制的发展，当前的脑电研究考察了三个年龄组（8岁、12岁和21岁）在选择信号和停止信号处理过程中的反应选择、激活和选择性抑制。结果显示，各年龄组在主动控制的实施上存在差异；与成年人相比，儿童的执行反应变慢，皮层运动输出减少。在抑制失败的试验中，儿童比成年人更难抑制肌肉输出，导致部分抑制率增加。在无效停止试验中，所有年龄组最初都会激活、随后抑制，然后重新激活执行反应。然而，儿童在实施这一策略时效率较低。此外，年龄较大的儿童比年龄较小的儿童和成年人更频繁地招募运动反应，这降低了执行反应抑制和主动控制的效率。本文将结合当前关于主动和反应性动作控制发展变化的观点对研究结果进行讨论。
