Thompson Deanna M, Koppes Abigail N, Hardy John G, Schmidt Christine E
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; email:
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2014 Jul 11;16:397-430. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-121813-120655.
Electrical stimulation to manipulate the central nervous system (CNS) has been applied as early as the 1750s to produce visual sensations of light. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), cochlear implants, visual prosthetics, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are being applied in the clinic to treat a wide array of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries. This review describes the history of electrical stimulation of the CNS microenvironment; recent advances in electrical stimulation of the CNS, including DBS to treat essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and depression; FES for the treatment of spinal cord injuries; and alternative electrical devices to restore vision and hearing via neuroprosthetics (retinal and cochlear implants). It also discusses the role of electrical cues during development and following injury and, importantly, manipulation of these endogenous cues to support regeneration of neural tissue.
早在18世纪50年代，人们就开始应用电刺激来操纵中枢神经系统（CNS）以产生光的视觉感受。深部脑刺激（DBS）、人工耳蜗、视觉假体和功能性电刺激（FES）正在临床上用于治疗多种神经疾病、紊乱和损伤。本综述描述了中枢神经系统微环境电刺激的历史；中枢神经系统电刺激的最新进展，包括用于治疗特发性震颤、帕金森病和抑郁症的DBS；用于治疗脊髓损伤的FES；以及通过神经假体（视网膜和人工耳蜗植入物）恢复视力和听力的替代电子设备。它还讨论了电信号在发育过程中和损伤后的作用，以及重要的是，操纵这些内源性信号以支持神经组织再生。
