Pollard Cheryl L, Wild Carol
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program, Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, 10910-104 Avenue, Edmonton AB T5J 2P2, Canada.
Nurse Educ Pract. 2014 Nov;14(6):620-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
Nurses must demonstrate leadership and followership competencies within complex adaptive team environments to ensure patient and staff safety, effective use of resources, and an adaptive health care system. These competencies are demonstrated through the use of communication strategies that are embedded within a relational practice. Health care professionals, regardless of formal position, need to assert their opinions and perspectives using a communication style that demonstrates value of all team members in open discussions about quality patient care, appropriate access, and stewardship. Challenges to effective communication and relational practice are the individual and organizational patterns of behavior, and the subsequent impact that these behaviors have on others. Students articulate situational awareness when they conduct a critical analysis of individual, team, and organizational functioning, and then use this information and evidence gained from a critical literature review to develop recommendations to improve individual, team, and/or organizational performance. Leadership and followership simulation exercises, inclusive of public feedback and debriefing, are used as a pedagogical/andragogical strategy in a nursing baccalaureate senior leadership course to facilitate learning of team communication skills and improve situational awareness. We view this strategy as an alternative to traditional classroom learning activities which provide little opportunity for recursive learning.
护士必须在复杂的适应性团队环境中展现出领导能力和追随能力，以确保患者和医护人员的安全、资源的有效利用以及医疗保健系统的适应性。这些能力通过融入关系实践的沟通策略得以体现。医疗保健专业人员，无论其正式职位如何，都需要运用一种沟通方式来表达自己的观点和看法，这种沟通方式在关于优质患者护理、适当就医机会和管理的公开讨论中体现出所有团队成员的价值。有效沟通和关系实践面临的挑战是个人和组织的行为模式，以及这些行为对他人产生的后续影响。当学生对个人、团队和组织的运作进行批判性分析，然后利用从批判性文献综述中获得的这些信息和证据来制定改进个人、团队和/或组织绩效的建议时，他们就展现出了情境意识。领导力和追随力模拟练习，包括公开反馈和总结，在护理学学士学位高级领导力课程中被用作一种教学/成人教学策略，以促进团队沟通技能的学习并提高情境意识。我们认为这种策略是传统课堂学习活动的一种替代方式，传统课堂学习活动几乎没有提供递归学习的机会。
