Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR (CVI), Virology Department, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; University Utrecht, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Farm Animal Department, Yalelaan 7-9, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR (CVI), Virology Department, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 2014 Aug 27;172(3-4):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.016. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
A challenging aspect of ASFV control in wild boar populations is the design and implementation of effective surveillance and monitoring programmes, both for early warning, and to determine the ongoing epidemiological situation in an infected population. Testing blood samples requires invasive sampling strategies like hunting or capture of wild boar. Besides being biased towards healthy animals, such strategies are also linked to further spread of the virus. Non-invasive sampling strategies would increase the reliability of surveillance of ASFV in wild boar populations, without the negative side effects. This study evaluates the potential of faeces and tissue samples as a basis for non-invasive sampling strategies for ASFV in wild boar. In the acute phase (0-21 days after infection), in comparison with virus detection in blood, virus can be detected in faeces 50-80% of the time. This percentage decreases to below 10% for the subacute/chronic phase. ASFV DNA is quite stable in faeces. Half-lives range from more than 2 years at temperature up to 12°C, to roughly 15 days at temperatures of 30°C. In tissue samples, stored at 20°C, half-lives mostly range from 1.7 to 7.4 days. The sample of preference is the spleen, where the highest titres and highest half-life of ASFV DNA are observed. The level and duration of excretion of ASFV in the faeces, combined with the stability of the DNA, suggest that sampling of faeces could be the basis for a non-invasive sampling strategy to monitor ASFV in wild boar.
在野猪种群中控制 ASF 的一个挑战方面是设计和实施有效的监测和监测计划，以便进行早期预警，并确定受感染种群中持续的流行病学情况。测试血液样本需要采用侵入性采样策略，例如狩猎或捕获野猪。除了偏向于健康动物之外，此类策略还与病毒的进一步传播有关。非侵入性采样策略将提高在野猪种群中监测 ASF 的可靠性，而不会产生负面影响。本研究评估了粪便和组织样本作为野猪 ASF 非侵入性采样策略基础的潜力。在急性期（感染后 0-21 天）中，与血液中的病毒检测相比，粪便中病毒的检出率为 50-80%。在亚急性期/慢性期，该百分比降至 10%以下。ASFV DNA 在粪便中相当稳定。半衰期在 12°C 以下的温度下超过 2 年，在 30°C 的温度下大约为 15 天。在 20°C 下储存的组织样本中，半衰期大多在 1.7 到 7.4 天之间。首选的样本是脾脏，在脾脏中观察到 ASFV DNA 的最高滴度和最长半衰期。ASFV 在粪便中的排泄水平和持续时间以及 DNA 的稳定性表明，粪便采样可能是监测野猪 ASF 的非侵入性采样策略的基础。
