Rakotoarivony Rianja, Payne Ariane, Kassie Daouda, Goodman Steven M, Andriamahefa Alpha, Raliniaina Modestine, Rakotozandrindrainy Raphaël, Jori Ferran
UMR ASTRE (Animal-Health-Territories-Risks-Ecosystems), CIRAD-INRAE, Montpellier 34398, France.
UMR ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
One Health. 2025 Jul 19;21:101149. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101149. eCollection 2025 Dec.
In some rural areas of Madagascar, bushpigs () are reported to be attracted to human disturbed habitats and share the same environment with domestic animals, including pigs (). Such cohabitation can facilitate the transmission of pathogens between bushpigs and other domestic animals. To assess bushpig-domestic animal interactions and their implications for pathogen transmission, 26 camera-traps were deployed for three months around 10 villages in two separate regions of western Madagascar. The camera-traps were positioned at animal attraction sites: trophic resources, resting areas, and water points, and captured 17,804 images. No direct interactions (simultaneous presence) between bushpigs and domestic species were observed after analysis of 2678 trap nights. However, 44 indirect interactions (non-simultaneous presence) were recorded. The median critical time window (CTW), calculated as the time interval between the consecutive presence of bushpigs and some domestic species, was 646 min [34-1412 min]) for pigs, 672 min for cats [range 44-886 min], and 690 min for cattle [range 584-765 min]. Such CTW estimates are shorter than the average survival rate of several infectious pathogens potentially present in the environment, including African swine fever virus, , and . Factors such as proximity to water sources and protected areas statistically increased the chances of these interactions. Our research provided novel information on the level of interaction between bushpigs and other domestic animals in anthropized rural areas and which can be used to design and implement strategies to mitigate the risk of pathogen spread at the wildlife/livestock/human interface.
在马达加斯加的一些农村地区,据报道,非洲野猪被人类干扰的栖息地所吸引,并与包括家猪在内的家畜共享同一环境。这种共同生活可以促进非洲野猪与其他家畜之间病原体的传播。为了评估非洲野猪与家畜的相互作用及其对病原体传播的影响,在马达加斯加西部两个不同地区的10个村庄周围部署了26个相机陷阱,为期三个月。相机陷阱设置在动物吸引点:营养资源点、休息区和水源点,并拍摄了17804张图像。在对2678个诱捕夜进行分析后,未观察到非洲野猪与家畜之间的直接相互作用(同时出现)。然而,记录到44次间接相互作用(非同时出现)。计算为非洲野猪与一些家畜连续出现之间的时间间隔的中位关键时间窗口(CTW),家猪为646分钟[34 - 1412分钟],猫为672分钟[范围44 - 886分钟],牛为690分钟[范围584 - 765分钟]。这种CTW估计值短于环境中可能存在的几种传染性病原体的平均存活时间,包括非洲猪瘟病毒等。靠近水源和保护区等因素在统计学上增加了这些相互作用的可能性。我们的研究提供了关于在人为化农村地区非洲野猪与其他家畜之间相互作用水平的新信息,可用于设计和实施策略,以降低野生动物/家畜/人类界面病原体传播的风险。