Schilling Anna-Katarina, Mazzamuto Maria Vittoria, Romeo Claudia
Previously Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82072, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 2;12(13):1719. doi: 10.3390/ani12131719.
In the last decades, wildlife diseases and the health status of animal populations have gained increasing attention from the scientific community as part of a One Health framework. Furthermore, the need for non-invasive sampling methods with a minimal impact on wildlife has become paramount in complying with modern ethical standards and regulations, and to collect high-quality and unbiased data. We analysed the publication trends on non-invasive sampling in wildlife health and disease research and offer a comprehensive review on the different samples that can be collected non-invasively. We retrieved 272 articles spanning from 1998 to 2021, with a rapid increase in number from 2010. Thirty-nine percent of the papers were focussed on diseases, 58% on other health-related topics, and 3% on both. Stress and other physiological parameters were the most addressed research topics, followed by viruses, helminths, and bacterial infections. Terrestrial mammals accounted for 75% of all publications, and faeces were the most widely used sample. Our review of the sampling materials and collection methods highlights that, although the use of some types of samples for specific applications is now consolidated, others are perhaps still underutilised and new technologies may offer future opportunities for an even wider use of non-invasively collected samples.
在过去几十年里，作为“同一健康”框架的一部分，野生动物疾病和动物种群的健康状况日益受到科学界的关注。此外，在遵守现代伦理标准和法规以及收集高质量和无偏差数据方面，对野生动物影响最小的非侵入性采样方法的需求变得至关重要。我们分析了野生动物健康与疾病研究中非侵入性采样的出版趋势，并对可通过非侵入性方式收集的不同样本进行了全面综述。我们检索了1998年至2021年的272篇文章，自2010年起数量迅速增加。39%的论文聚焦于疾病，58%关注其他与健康相关的主题，3%两者都涉及。应激和其他生理参数是研究最多的主题，其次是病毒、蠕虫和细菌感染。陆地哺乳动物占所有出版物的75%，粪便样本是使用最广泛的样本。我们对采样材料和收集方法的综述强调，尽管某些类型的样本在特定应用中的使用现已得到巩固，但其他一些样本可能仍未得到充分利用，新技术可能为更广泛地使用非侵入性收集的样本提供未来机会。
