Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jun 27;5:596. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00596. eCollection 2014.
Suspiciousness is usually classified as a symptom of psychosis, but it also occurs in depression and anxiety disorders. Though how suspiciousness overlaps with depression is not obvious, suspiciousness does seem to overlap with anxious apprehension and anxious arousal (e.g., verbal iterative processes and vigilance about environmental threat). However, suspiciousness also has unique characteristics (e.g., concern about harm from others and vigilance about social threat). Given that both anxiety and suspiciousness have been associated with abnormalities in emotion processing, it is unclear whether it is the unique characteristics of suspiciousness or the overlap with anxiety that drive abnormalities in emotion processing. Event-related brain potentials were obtained during an emotion-word Stroop task. Results indicated that suspiciousness interacts with anxious apprehension to modulate initial stimulus perception processes. Suspiciousness is associated with attention to all stimuli regardless of emotion content. In contrast, anxious arousal is associated with a later response to emotion stimuli only. These results suggest that suspiciousness and anxious apprehension share overlapping processes, but suspiciousness alone is associated with a hyperactive early vigilance response. Depression did not interact with suspiciousness to predict response to emotion stimuli. These findings suggest that it may be informative to assess suspiciousness in conjunction with anxiety in order to better understand how these symptoms interact and contribute to dysfunctional emotion processing.
怀疑通常被归类为精神病的症状，但它也会出现在抑郁症和焦虑症中。尽管怀疑与抑郁症的重叠并不明显，但怀疑似乎与焦虑的担忧和焦虑的觉醒（例如，言语迭代过程和对环境威胁的警惕）重叠。然而，怀疑也有其独特的特征（例如，对他人伤害的担忧和对社会威胁的警惕）。鉴于焦虑和怀疑都与情绪处理异常有关，目前尚不清楚是怀疑的独特特征还是与焦虑的重叠导致了情绪处理异常。在情绪词 Stroop 任务中获得了事件相关脑电位。结果表明，怀疑与焦虑担忧相互作用，调节初始刺激感知过程。怀疑与对所有刺激的关注有关，而与情绪内容无关。相比之下，焦虑觉醒仅与对情绪刺激的后期反应有关。这些结果表明，怀疑和焦虑担忧有重叠的过程，但单独的怀疑与过度活跃的早期警戒反应有关。抑郁与怀疑没有相互作用来预测对情绪刺激的反应。这些发现表明，评估怀疑与焦虑相结合可能有助于更好地理解这些症状如何相互作用并导致功能失调的情绪处理。
