Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2010 Apr;76(1):9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.01.008. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
Although models of emotion have focused on the relationship between anger and approach motivation associated with aggression, anger is also related to withdrawal motivation. Anger-out and anger-in styles are associated with psychopathology and may disrupt the control of attention within the context of negatively valenced information. The present study used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine whether anger styles uniquely predict attentional bias to negative stimuli during an emotion-word Stroop task. High anger-out predicted larger N200, P300, and N400 to negative words, suggesting that aggressive individuals exert more effort to override attention to negative information. In contrast, high anger-in predicted smaller N400 amplitude to negative words, indicating that negative information may be readily available (primed) for anger suppressors, requiring fewer resources. Individuals with an anger-out style might benefit from being directed away from provocative stimuli that might otherwise consume their attention and foster overt aggression. Findings indicating that anger-out and anger-in were associated with divergent patterns of brain activity provide support for distinguishing approach- and withdrawal-related anger styles.
虽然情绪模型主要关注愤怒与攻击行为相关的接近动机之间的关系，但愤怒也与退缩动机有关。愤怒外显和愤怒内隐的风格与精神病理学有关，可能会破坏在负性信息背景下注意力的控制。本研究使用事件相关脑电位（ERPs）来检查愤怒风格是否能在情绪词 Stroop 任务中对消极刺激的注意力偏向进行独特预测。高愤怒外显预测了对负性词语更大的 N200、P300 和 N400，这表明攻击性个体更努力地抑制对负性信息的注意力。相反，高愤怒内隐预测了对负性词语更小的 N400 振幅，这表明愤怒抑制者可能更容易获得（启动）负性信息，所需资源更少。愤怒外显的个体可能会受益于远离可能会消耗他们注意力并助长公开攻击的挑衅性刺激。表明愤怒外显和愤怒内隐与不同的大脑活动模式相关的发现为区分与接近和退缩相关的愤怒风格提供了支持。
