1 Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; 2 Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand ; 3 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2014 Jun;3(3):126-39. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.05.04.
Since their discovery over a century ago, retinoids have been the most studied of the fat-soluble vitamins. Unlike most vitamins, retinoids are stored at relatively high concentrations in the body to buffer against nutritional insufficiency. Until recently, it was thought that the sole important retinoid delivery pathway to tissues involved retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4). More recent findings, however, indicate that retinoids can be delivered to tissues through multiple overlapping delivery pathways, involving chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), retinoic acid bound to albumin, water soluble β-glucuronides of retinol and retinoic acid, and provitamin A carotenoids. This review will focus on explaining this evolving understanding of retinoid metabolism and transport within the body.
自一个多世纪前被发现以来，类视黄醇一直是最受研究的脂溶性维生素之一。与大多数维生素不同，类视黄醇在体内以相对较高的浓度储存，以缓冲营养不足。直到最近，人们还认为唯一重要的将类视黄醇输送到组织的途径是视黄醇与视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP4）结合。然而，最近的发现表明，类视黄醇可以通过多种重叠的输送途径输送到组织，包括乳糜微粒、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、与白蛋白结合的视黄酸、视黄醇和视黄酸的水溶性β-葡糖苷酸，以及维生素 A 原类胡萝卜素。本综述将重点解释对体内类视黄醇代谢和转运的这一不断发展的认识。
