Science. 2014 Jul 18;345(6194):1251788. doi: 10.1126/science.1251788.
An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
通过对分离的染色体臂进行测序，已经生成了六倍体普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）170 千兆碱基的有序草图序列。我们已经注释了分布在同源染色体和亚基因组上的 124201 个基因座。对小麦亚基因组和现存的二倍体和四倍体小麦近缘种的比较基因分析表明，在多倍化之后，序列相似性和结构保守性保持较高水平，基因丢失有限。然而，在整个基因组中，自小麦谱系分化以来，存在着基因获得、丢失和重复的动态证据。亚基因组具有高度的转录自主性，没有全局优势。这些对多倍体作物基因组生物学的深入了解为更快地分离基因、快速开发遗传标记和精确育种提供了跳板，以满足全球不断增长的粮食需求。
