Romantsik Olga, Porter Richard H, Varendi Heili
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nuozilly, France.
Acta Paediatr. 2014 Nov;103(11):1130-5. doi: 10.1111/apa.12759. Epub 2014 Aug 24.
Studies have reported conflicting findings on whether different smells can reduce distress when infants undergo painful procedures. Our study assessed the impact of vanilla on infants' responses to a painful toe lance, including possible gender differences.
We measured the pain responses of 69 full-term infants - 34 girls and 35 boys - during toe lance, using two multidimensional scales - the Neonatal Facial Coding System and Behavioural Indicators of Infant Pain - together with crying duration and hand movements. Three sets of data were collected during baseline, toe lance and recovery, while the babies were exposed to the odour of vanilla (n = 39) or odourless water (n = 30).
Pain responses increased significantly during toe lance, then declined during recovery. Crying duration correlated significantly with finger splaying/fisting and both pain scale scores, with boys displaying higher pain scores than girls. Vanilla had no impact on pain levels.
Crying and finger splaying/fisting were observable responses that may be useful for screening pain or distress in healthy neonates. Increased pain reactions by boys may reflect higher irritability. Exposure to an unfamiliar odour did not have a calming effect on full-term neonates.
关于不同气味在婴儿接受痛苦操作时能否减轻痛苦，已有研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。我们的研究评估了香草气味对婴儿足跟采血疼痛反应的影响，包括可能存在的性别差异。
我们使用两种多维量表——新生儿面部编码系统和婴儿疼痛行为指标，同时结合哭闹持续时间和手部动作，测量了69名足月儿（34名女孩和35名男孩）在足跟采血过程中的疼痛反应。在基线期、足跟采血期和恢复期收集三组数据，期间婴儿暴露于香草气味（n = 39）或无味水（n = 30）中。
足跟采血期间疼痛反应显著增加，然后在恢复期下降。哭闹持续时间与手指张开/握拳以及两种疼痛量表评分显著相关，男孩的疼痛评分高于女孩。香草气味对疼痛程度没有影响。
哭闹和手指张开/握拳是可观察到的反应，可能有助于筛查健康新生儿的疼痛或痛苦。男孩疼痛反应增加可能反映出更高的易激惹性。接触不熟悉的气味对足月儿没有镇静作用。
