Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2015 May;61(3):275-86. doi: 10.1177/0020764014542815. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
The aim of this article is to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in patients in primary care centers in an urban area of Madrid and to study possible associated risk factors.
Cross-sectional month prevalence was evaluated in two phases in an urban area of Madrid. The sample for the first phase included 635 individuals (aged 18-65 years), and the second phase included 320 individuals. Socio-demographic variables (age, sex, educational level, living conditions and country of origin) and clinical variables (psychiatric diagnosis and level of psychosocial stress) were studied. The instruments used for screening were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-28 item questionnaire and the MULTICAGE-CAD 4test. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) was used in the second phase (in 'possible cases' and 20% of the 'non-cases'). Prevalence was calculated using weighted logistic regression with the observed sampling fractions of the patients in study phase 2 as sample weights.
The month prevalence of mental disorders was 31.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = [27.6, 35.2]). Anxiety disorders were the most frequent diagnoses with a prevalence of 22.4% (95% CI = [17.8, 27.1]), followed by depressive disorders (16.6%; 95% CI = [12.9, 20.3]), substance abuse or dependence disorders (5.6%; 95% CI = [3.2, 6.9]) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 4.4%; 95% CI = [2.0, 2.8]). Factors associated with mental disorders were the presence of stressful life events in the previous 12 months, Latin American region of origin, being woman aged 25 and 34 years and having a low education level.
本文旨在评估马德里市区基层医疗中心患者的精神障碍患病率，并研究可能存在的相关危险因素。
本研究采用两阶段横断面月患病率调查方法，在马德里市区进行。第一阶段纳入 635 名（18-65 岁）个体，第二阶段纳入 320 名个体。研究了社会人口学变量（年龄、性别、教育程度、生活条件和原籍国）和临床变量（精神科诊断和心理社会压力水平）。使用一般健康问卷（GHQ-28 项问卷）和 MULTICAGE-CAD 4 测试进行筛查。第二阶段使用迷你国际神经精神访谈（MINI）对“可能病例”和“非病例”的 20%进行评估。采用加权逻辑回归，以研究阶段 2 中患者的观察抽样分数作为样本权重，计算患病率。
精神障碍的月患病率为 31.3%（95%置信区间[27.6, 35.2]）。焦虑障碍是最常见的诊断，患病率为 22.4%（95%置信区间[17.8, 27.1]），其次是抑郁障碍（16.6%；95%置信区间[12.9, 20.3]）、物质滥用或依赖障碍（5.6%；95%置信区间[3.2, 6.9]）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD；4.4%；95%置信区间[2.0, 2.8]）。与精神障碍相关的因素包括过去 12 个月存在压力生活事件、原籍拉丁美洲、25 岁和 34 岁的女性以及低教育程度。
