Reynolds Clare M, Vickers Mark H, Harrison Claudia J, Segovia Stephanie A, Gray Clint
Liggins Institute and Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Physiol Rep. 2014 Aug 5;2(8). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12110. Print 2014 Aug 1.
A high intake of fat or salt during pregnancy perturbs placental function, alters fetal development, and predisposes offspring to metabolic disease in adult life. Despite its relevance to modern dietary habits, the developmental programming effects of excessive maternal fat and salt, fed in combination, have not been examined. We investigated the effects of moderately high maternal fat and/or salt intake on maternal metainflammation and its consequences on fetal and weanling growth and metabolic profile. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard control diet (CD), 4% salt diet (SD), 45% fat diet (HF) or 4% salt/45% fat combined diet (HFSD) 3 weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Plasma and tissue samples were collected at day 18 of pregnancy from mother and fetus, and at postnatal day 24 in weanlings. Markers of adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage infiltration, lipogenesis, nutrient transport, and storage were altered in pregnant dams receiving high-fat and/or -salt diets. This was accompanied by increased fat mass in high-fat groups and differential hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Offspring of high fat-fed mothers had reduced fetal weight, displayed catch-up growth, increased fat mass, and altered metabolic profiles at weaning. Maternal diets high in fat and/or salt affect maternal metabolic parameters, fetal growth and development, metabolic status, and adipoinsular axis in the weanling. Results presented here highlight the importance of diet in expectant mothers or women considering pregnancy. Furthermore, the potential for maternal nutritional intervention strategies may be employed to modify the metabolic disease risk in adult offspring during later life.
孕期高脂肪或高盐摄入会扰乱胎盘功能，改变胎儿发育，并使后代在成年后易患代谢性疾病。尽管这与现代饮食习惯相关，但母亲同时摄入过量脂肪和盐对发育编程的影响尚未得到研究。我们调查了母亲适度摄入高脂肪和/或高盐对母体代谢炎症及其对胎儿和断奶幼崽生长及代谢状况的影响。在怀孕前3周及整个怀孕和哺乳期，给雌性斯普拉-道利大鼠喂食标准对照饮食（CD）、4%盐饮食（SD）、45%脂肪饮食（HF）或4%盐/45%脂肪联合饮食（HFSD）。在怀孕第18天从母亲和胎儿采集血浆和组织样本，并在断奶幼崽出生后第24天采集样本。接受高脂肪和/或高盐饮食的怀孕母鼠的脂肪组织炎症、巨噬细胞浸润、脂肪生成、营养物质转运和储存的标志物发生了改变。这伴随着高脂肪组脂肪量增加以及肝脏脂质和葡萄糖内稳态的差异。高脂肪喂养母亲的后代胎儿体重减轻，表现出追赶生长，脂肪量增加，断奶时代谢状况改变。母亲高脂肪和/或高盐饮食会影响母亲的代谢参数、胎儿生长发育、代谢状态以及断奶幼崽的脂肪胰岛素轴。此处呈现的结果凸显了饮食对准妈妈或考虑怀孕的女性的重要性。此外，母亲营养干预策略有可能被用于改变成年后代在晚年患代谢性疾病的风险。
