Esterhuizen Nanike, Clusella-Trullas Susana, van Daalen Corne E, Schoombie Ruben E, Boardman Leigh, Terblanche John S
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
J Exp Biol. 2014 Oct 1;217(Pt 19):3545-56. doi: 10.1242/jeb.106526. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
The influence of thermal history on temperature-dependent flight performance was investigated in an invasive agricultural pest insect, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies were exposed to one of four developmental acclimation temperatures (Tacc: 15, 20, 25, 30°C) during their pupal stage and tested at these temperatures (Ttest) as adults using a full-factorial study design. Major factors influencing flight performance included sex, body mass, Ttest and the interaction between Ttest and Tacc. Successful flight performance increased with increasing Ttest across all acclimation groups (from 10% at 15°C to 77% at 30°C). Although Tacc did not affect flight performance independently, it did have a significant interaction effect with Ttest. Multiple comparisons showed that flies which had been acclimated to 15°C and 20°C performed better than those acclimated to 25°C and 30°C when tested at cold temperatures, but warm-acclimated flies did not outperform cold-acclimated flies at warmer temperatures. This provides partial support for the 'colder is better' hypothesis. To explain these results, several flight-related traits were examined to determine whether Tacc influenced flight performance as a consequence of changes in body or wing morphology, whole-animal metabolic rate or cytochrome c oxidase enzyme activity. Although significant effects of Tacc could be detected in several of the traits examined, with an emphasis on sex-related differences, increased flight performance could not be explained solely on the basis of changes in any of these traits. Overall, these results are important for understanding dispersal physiology despite the fact that the mechanisms of acclimation-related changes in flight performance remain unresolved.
在一种入侵性农业害虫地中海实蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）中，研究了热历史对温度依赖性飞行性能的影响。在蛹期，将果蝇暴露于四种发育驯化温度（Tacc：15、20、25、30°C）之一，并在成年后使用全因子研究设计在这些温度（Ttest）下进行测试。影响飞行性能的主要因素包括性别、体重、Ttest以及Ttest和Tacc之间的相互作用。在所有驯化组中，成功飞行性能随Ttest升高而增加（从15°C时的10%增至30°C时的77%）。虽然Tacc本身不影响飞行性能，但它与Ttest有显著的相互作用效应。多重比较表明，在低温测试时，驯化至15°C和20°C的果蝇比驯化至25°C和30°C的果蝇表现更好，但在较高温度下，温暖驯化的果蝇并不比寒冷驯化的果蝇表现更好。这为“越冷越好”假说提供了部分支持。为了解释这些结果，研究了几个与飞行相关的特征，以确定Tacc是否通过身体或翅膀形态、全动物代谢率或细胞色素c氧化酶活性的变化影响飞行性能。虽然在研究的几个特征中可以检测到Tacc的显著影响，尤其是与性别相关的差异，但飞行性能的提高不能仅基于这些特征中的任何一个变化来解释。总体而言，尽管与驯化相关的飞行性能变化机制仍未解决，但这些结果对于理解扩散生理学很重要。
