Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School Building A-Room 512, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-715, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Aug;8(4):453-62. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.4.453. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The inverse relationships of combined fruits and vegetables intake with blood pressure have been reported. However, whether there are such relationships with salty vegetables has rarely been investigated in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the relation of combined and separate intake of fruits, vegetable intakes, and salty vegetables, as well as sodium and potassium, with blood pressure among the middle-aged and elderly populations.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort baseline survey was performed with 6,283 subjects (2,443 men and 3,840 women) and free of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using food frequency questionnaire.
The significantly inverse linear trend of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in fruits and non-pickled vegetables (81.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.0 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0040) and fruits only (80.9 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 79.4 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0430) among men. In contrast, sodium and sodium to potassium ratio were positively related with blood pressure among men (DBP, 78.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.6 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0079 for sodium; DBP, 79.0 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.7 mmHg in the highest quintile, P for trend = 0.0199 and SBP, 123.8 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 125.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for sodium/potassium). Kimchies consumption was positively related to DBP for men (78.2 mmHg in the lowest quintile vs 80.9 mmHg in the highest quintile for DBP, P for trend = 0.0003). Among women, these relations were not found.
Fruits and/or non-pickled vegetables may be inversely, but sodium, sodium to potassium, and Kimchies may be positively related to blood pressure among men.
背景/目的：已有研究报道，摄入混合水果和蔬菜与血压呈负相关。然而，在流行病学研究中，很少有关于咸蔬菜与血压之间是否存在这种关系的研究。本研究评估了中老年人群中，水果和蔬菜的混合及单独摄入、咸蔬菜以及钠和钾与血压之间的关系。
受试者/方法：本研究采用前瞻性队列基线调查的横断面分析方法，共纳入 6283 名受试者（男性 2443 名，女性 3840 名），且均无高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。通过培训过的调查员使用食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。
在男性中，舒张压（DBP）与水果和非腌制蔬菜（最低五分位数为 81.2mmHg，最高五分位数为 79.0mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0040）和仅水果（最低五分位数为 80.9mmHg，最高五分位数为 79.4mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0430）呈显著负线性趋势。相反，男性的钠和钠钾比与血压呈正相关（DBP，最低五分位数为 78.8mmHg，最高五分位数为 80.6mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0079；DBP，最低五分位数为 79.0mmHg，最高五分位数为 80.7mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0199；SBP，最低五分位数为 123.8mmHg，最高五分位数为 125.9mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0199）。男性食用泡菜与 DBP 呈正相关（DBP，最低五分位数为 78.2mmHg，最高五分位数为 80.9mmHg，趋势 P 值=0.0003）。在女性中，未发现这些关系。
水果和/或非腌制蔬菜可能与男性血压呈负相关，但钠、钠钾比和泡菜可能与男性血压呈正相关。
