Department of Biochemistry I-Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
Membranes (Basel). 2014 Aug 8;4(3):469-90. doi: 10.3390/membranes4030469.
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated cation channels that mediate excitatory signal transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. The members of the iGluR subfamily of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) mediate most of the fast excitatory signal transmission, and their abundance in the postsynaptic membrane is a major determinant of the strength of excitatory synapses. Therefore, regulation of AMPAR trafficking to the postsynaptic membrane is an important constituent of mechanisms involved in learning and memory formation, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Auxiliary subunits play a critical role in the facilitation and regulation of AMPAR trafficking and function. The currently identified auxiliary subunits of AMPARs are transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs), suppressor of lurcher (SOL), cornichon homologues (CNIHs), synapse differentiation-induced gene I (SynDIG I), cysteine-knot AMPAR modulating proteins 44 (CKAMP44), and germ cell-specific gene 1-like (GSG1L) protein. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the modulatory influence exerted by these important but still underappreciated proteins.
离子型谷氨酸受体 (iGluRs) 是四聚体配体门控阳离子通道，在脊椎动物的中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中介导兴奋性信号传递。α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸 (AMPA) 受体 (AMPAR) 的 iGluR 亚家族成员介导大多数快速兴奋性信号传递，其在突触后膜中的丰度是兴奋性突触强度的主要决定因素。因此，AMPA 受体向突触后膜的转运调节是学习和记忆形成相关机制的重要组成部分，例如长时程增强 (LTP) 和长时程抑制 (LTD)。辅助亚基在 AMPAR 转运和功能的促进和调节中起着关键作用。目前已鉴定的 AMPAR 辅助亚基包括跨膜 AMPA 受体调节蛋白 (TARPs)、顿挫蛋白 (SOL)、角蛋白同源物 (CNIHs)、突触分化诱导基因 I (SynDIG I)、半胱氨酸结 AMPA 调节蛋白 44 (CKAMP44) 和生殖细胞特异性基因 1 样蛋白 (GSG1L)。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对这些重要但仍未被充分认识的蛋白质所产生的调节影响的认识。
