Skolnik P R, Kosloff B R, Bechtel L J, Huskins K R, Flynn T, Karthas N, McIntosh K, Hirsch M S
Department of Medicine, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
J Infect Dis. 1989 Dec;160(6):1056-60. doi: 10.1093/infdis/160.6.1056.
Urine and peripheral blood samples from 48 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive individuals (38 adults and 10 children) were evaluated for the presence of HIV-1 by cocultivation and for HIV-1 p24 antigen by ELISA. None of the urine samples contained replication-competent HIV-1; 41 (85%) of 48 simultaneously obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples contained replication-competent HIV-1. None of 26 urine samples available for analysis contained HIV-1 p24 antigen as determined by ELISA; 12 (34%) of 35 simultaneously obtained peripheral blood samples had detectable serum HIV-1 p24 antigen. Two of the individuals studied had HIV nephropathy, three had pyuria, and five had microscopic hematuria. Culture sensitivity was maximal when mycostatin (and not amphotericin B) was used as an antifungal agent. Our findings indicate that urine from HIV-1-seropositive individuals is unlikely to contain infectious HIV-1. This would imply that the risk of transmission of HIV-1 by urine is low to nonexistent.
通过共培养评估了48例1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）血清阳性个体（38名成人和10名儿童）的尿液和外周血样本中HIV-1的存在情况，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测了HIV-1 p24抗原。所有尿液样本均未含有具有复制能力的HIV-1；48份同时采集的外周血单核细胞样本中有41份（85%）含有具有复制能力的HIV-1。通过ELISA测定，26份可供分析的尿液样本中均未含有HIV-1 p24抗原；35份同时采集的外周血样本中有12份（34%）检测到血清HIV-1 p24抗原。所研究的个体中有2例患有HIV相关性肾病，3例有脓尿，5例有镜下血尿。当使用制霉菌素（而非两性霉素B）作为抗真菌剂时，培养敏感性最高。我们的研究结果表明，HIV-1血清阳性个体的尿液不太可能含有具有传染性的HIV-1。这意味着通过尿液传播HIV-1的风险很低或不存在。
