Schoemaker Dorothee, Gauthier Serge, Pruessner Jens C
McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, 6828 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, H4H 1R3, Canada,
Neuropsychol Rev. 2014 Sep;24(3):313-31. doi: 10.1007/s11065-014-9265-6. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
Memory impairment is a central cognitive symptom in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer Disease (AD). Recognition tasks are often used to characterize and define the nature of memory deficits. Dual-process theories posit that familiarity and recollection are independently involved in the recognition of previously encountered material and both contribute to successful recognition. Recent evidence indicates that there is a double dissociation in the neuronal substrates of those two processes. More precisely, it has been suggested that perirhinal and entorhinal areas are selectively involved in familiarity-based recognition, while the hippocampus is associated with recollection. Interestingly, these regions are among the first to be targeted by neurofibrillary tangles, one of AD's neuropathological hallmarks. Impairment in recognition performance can occur in the very early stages of AD, such as MCI. To define the nature of recognition impairment in these clinical populations, we reviewed the current literature on familiarity and recollection performance in individuals with MCI and AD. Together with clinical features, methodological factors are taken into consideration in the interpretation of findings.
记忆障碍是轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的核心认知症状。识别任务常被用于表征和定义记忆缺陷的性质。双加工理论认为，熟悉性和回忆独立地参与对先前遇到材料的识别，且二者都有助于成功识别。最近的证据表明，这两个过程的神经基质存在双重分离。更确切地说，有人提出，嗅周和内嗅区域选择性地参与基于熟悉性的识别，而海马体与回忆有关。有趣的是，这些区域是神经原纤维缠结（AD的神经病理学特征之一）最早靶向的区域。在AD的极早期阶段，如MCI，就可能出现识别表现受损。为了明确这些临床人群中识别障碍的性质，我们回顾了当前关于MCI和AD患者熟悉性和回忆表现的文献。在解释研究结果时，会考虑临床特征以及方法学因素。
