Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Environ Int. 2014 Dec;73:158-66. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.015. Epub 2014 Aug 12.
Lead exposure in the environment is a major hazard affecting human health, particularly for children. The blood lead levels in the local children living around the largest coking area in China were measured, and the source of blood lead and the main pathways of lead exposure were investigated based on lead isotopic ratios ((207)Pb/(206)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb) in blood and in a variety of media, including food, airborne particulate matter, soil, dust and drinking water. The children's blood lead level was 5.25 (1.59 to 34.36 as range) μg dL(-1), lower than the threshold in the current criteria of China defined by the US Centers for Disease Control (10 μg dL(-1)). The isotopic ratios in the blood were 2.111±0.018 for (208)Pb/(206)Pb and 0.864±0.005 for (207)Pb/(206)Pb, similar to those of vegetables, wheat, drinking water, airborne particulate matter, but different from those of vehicle emission and soil/dust, suggesting that the formers were the main pathway of lead exposure among the children. The exposure pathway analysis based on the isotopic ratios and the human health risk assessment showed that dietary intake of food and drinking water contributed 93.67% of total exposed lead. The study further indicated that the coal used in the coking plant is the dominant pollution source of lead in children's blood.
环境中的铅暴露是影响人类健康的主要危害，尤其是对儿童。本研究测量了中国最大炼焦区周围地区儿童的血铅水平，并根据血铅和多种介质（包括食物、空气颗粒物、土壤、灰尘和饮用水）中的铅同位素比值（((207)Pb/(206)Pb 和 (208)Pb/(206)Pb），调查了血铅的来源和主要暴露途径。儿童血铅水平为 5.25μg/dL（范围为 1.59 至 34.36μg/dL），低于美国疾病控制中心（CDC）制定的中国现行标准（10μg/dL）。血铅中的同位素比值为 (208)Pb/(206)Pb 为 2.111±0.018，(207)Pb/(206)Pb 为 0.864±0.005，与蔬菜、小麦、饮用水、空气颗粒物相似，但与汽车尾气和土壤/灰尘不同，这表明这些是儿童铅暴露的主要途径。基于同位素比值的暴露途径分析和人类健康风险评估表明，食物和饮用水的饮食摄入占总暴露铅的 93.67%。研究进一步表明，炼焦厂使用的煤炭是儿童血铅的主要污染源。
