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主动推理、眼动与动眼延迟。

Active inference, eye movements and oculomotor delays.

作者信息

Perrinet Laurent U, Adams Rick A, Friston Karl J

机构信息

Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France,

出版信息

Biol Cybern. 2014 Dec;108(6):777-801. doi: 10.1007/s00422-014-0620-8. Epub 2014 Aug 16.

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of sensorimotor delays in the optimal control of (smooth) eye movements under uncertainty. Specifically, we consider delays in the visuo-oculomotor loop and their implications for active inference. Active inference uses a generalisation of Kalman filtering to provide Bayes optimal estimates of hidden states and action in generalised coordinates of motion. Representing hidden states in generalised coordinates provides a simple way of compensating for both sensory and oculomotor delays. The efficacy of this scheme is illustrated using neuronal simulations of pursuit initiation responses, with and without compensation. We then consider an extension of the generative model to simulate smooth pursuit eye movements-in which the visuo-oculomotor system believes both the target and its centre of gaze are attracted to a (hidden) point moving in the visual field. Finally, the generative model is equipped with a hierarchical structure, so that it can recognise and remember unseen (occluded) trajectories and emit anticipatory responses. These simulations speak to a straightforward and neurobiologically plausible solution to the generic problem of integrating information from different sources with different temporal delays and the particular difficulties encountered when a system-like the oculomotor system-tries to control its environment with delayed signals.

摘要

本文探讨了不确定性下(平滑)眼球运动最优控制中的感觉运动延迟问题。具体而言,我们考虑视觉-动眼神经回路中的延迟及其对主动推理的影响。主动推理使用卡尔曼滤波的推广方法,在广义运动坐标中提供隐藏状态和动作的贝叶斯最优估计。在广义坐标中表示隐藏状态提供了一种简单的方法来补偿感觉和动眼神经延迟。使用有无补偿的追踪起始反应的神经元模拟来说明该方案的有效性。然后,我们考虑生成模型的扩展,以模拟平滑追踪眼球运动——在这种运动中,视觉-动眼神经系统认为目标及其注视中心都被吸引到视野中移动的(隐藏)点。最后,生成模型配备了层次结构,以便它能够识别和记住未见(遮挡)轨迹并发出预期反应。这些模拟说明了一个直接且在神经生物学上合理的解决方案,用于解决将来自不同来源且具有不同时间延迟的信息进行整合的一般问题,以及当一个类似动眼神经系统的系统试图用延迟信号控制其环境时所遇到的特殊困难。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ccb2/4250571/6c44191eec75/422_2014_620_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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