Elstad Jon Ivar, Stefansen Kari
NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Box 3223, Elisenberg, 0208 Oslo, Norway.
Child Indic Res. 2014;7(3):649-670. doi: 10.1007/s12187-014-9239-5. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Previous research has documented the associations between parenting and parenting styles and child and adolescent outcomes. Little is known, however, about the social structuring of parenting in contemporary Nordic welfare states. A possible hypothesis is that socioeconomic variations in parenting styles in present-day Norway will be small because of material affluence, limited income inequality, and an active welfare state. This study examines social variations in parenting as perceived by Norwegian adolescents ( = 1362), with a focus on four parenting style dimensions: responsiveness, demandingness, neglecting, and intrusive. Responsiveness seems to capture major divisions in parenting. Adolescents in families with fewer economic resources experienced their parents as somewhat less responsive, but responsiveness was not related to parents' education. Low parental education was on the other hand associated with perceptions of parents as neglecting and intrusive. Viewing parents as demanding did neither vary with parental education nor with family economy. Substantial variations in parenting styles persist in present-day Norway, and these variations correspond moderately with the families' placement in the social structure. Indicators of parenting and parenting styles may be useful indicators of some aspects of child and adolescent well-being.
以往的研究记录了养育方式与儿童及青少年成长结果之间的关联。然而，对于当代北欧福利国家养育方式的社会结构，我们却知之甚少。一个可能的假设是，由于物质富足、收入不平等有限以及积极的福利国家政策，如今挪威养育方式的社会经济差异将会很小。本研究调查了挪威青少年（n = 1362）所感知到的养育方式的社会差异，重点关注养育方式的四个维度：反应性、要求性、忽视性和侵扰性。反应性似乎体现了养育方式的主要差异。经济资源较少家庭中的青少年认为他们的父母反应性稍低，但反应性与父母的教育程度无关。另一方面，父母教育程度低与青少年认为父母具有忽视性和侵扰性有关。认为父母具有要求性这一点，既不随父母教育程度变化，也不随家庭经济状况变化。如今的挪威，养育方式仍存在显著差异，且这些差异与家庭在社会结构中的位置适度相关。养育方式及相关指标可能是儿童和青少年幸福某些方面的有用指标。
