Zheng Xiaowen, Chen Feng, Zhang Jieni, Zhang Qian, Lin Jiuxiang
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Peking University, #22 Zhongguancun South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
J Membr Biol. 2014 Nov;247(11):1129-36. doi: 10.1007/s00232-014-9717-1. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
Today, exosome-related studies have become a focus in science and technology. Recently, three scientists won the Nobel Prize for determining the mechanisms of exosomal transport, making exosomes a promising biomarker system for disease diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a general introduction of exosomes and explores the recent progress on the function, application, isolation, and identification of exosomes as biomarkers in blood and other body fluids, especially in saliva. Detailed information of exosomal proteins and RNAs is discussed in the paper because of their ability to determine the function of exosomes. Due to their noninvasive assessment for quick and convenient diagnosis of diseases, salivary exosomes may well be promising biomarkers.
如今，外泌体相关研究已成为科技领域的一个焦点。最近，三位科学家因确定外泌体运输机制而获得诺贝尔奖，这使得外泌体成为疾病诊断和治疗中一个很有前景的生物标志物系统。本文综述对外泌体进行了概述，并探讨了外泌体作为血液和其他体液（尤其是唾液）中生物标志物在功能、应用、分离和鉴定方面的最新进展。由于外泌体蛋白质和RNA能够决定外泌体的功能，因此本文对其详细信息进行了讨论。唾液外泌体因其对疾病的快速便捷诊断具有非侵入性评估的特点，很可能成为有前景的生物标志物。
