Plotkin Stanley
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Aug 26;111(34):12283-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1400472111. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Vaccines have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, vaccines could be developed in the laboratory. However, in the 20th century, it became possible to develop vaccines based on immunologic markers. In the 21st century, molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before.
疫苗有着始于18世纪晚期的历史。从19世纪晚期开始，疫苗能够在实验室中研发。然而，在20世纪，基于免疫标记研发疫苗成为可能。在21世纪，分子生物学使此前不可能的疫苗研发成为现实。
