Negi Gita, Gaur Dushyant Singh
Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust University, Swamiramnagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2014 Jul;39(3):183-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.137161.
Blood can save lives; however, it can be a source of transfusion transmitted diseases if proper screening of donated blood is not done. It is now mandatory to screen all donated blood units, whether replacement or voluntary for five transfusion transmitted diseases-namely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and malaria.
The present study was done to study the prevalence of infectious disease markers among donors at the blood bank of a tertiary care center.
A total of 53,069 donors donated blood over 11 years. The number of replacement and voluntary donors was 41,710 and 11,359, respectively.
Screening of blood units was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HIV and hepatitis B and C. HIV testing was done using fourth generation ELISA kits. Syphilis was tested by latex agglutination assay and malaria was tested using slide method up to the year 2008-2009 and by rapid immunochromatographic assay after that.
The mean percentage of these infections per year was found to be 0.2, 1.2, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.002% for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and malarial parasite (MP), respectively.
The risk of transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) today is low but supply of safe blood depends on proper donor selection and sensitive screening tests.
血液可以挽救生命；然而，如果不对捐献的血液进行适当筛查，它可能成为输血传播疾病的源头。现在，对所有捐献的血液单位进行筛查是强制性的，无论其为替代献血还是自愿献血，都要筛查五种输血传播疾病，即人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型和丙型肝炎、梅毒以及疟疾。
本研究旨在研究一家三级医疗中心血库中献血者传染病标志物的流行情况。
在11年期间共有53,069名献血者献血。替代献血者和自愿献血者的人数分别为41,710名和11,359名。
采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法对血液单位进行HIV、乙型和丙型肝炎筛查。HIV检测使用第四代ELISA试剂盒。梅毒检测采用乳胶凝集试验，2008 - 2009年之前疟疾检测采用涂片法，之后采用快速免疫层析法。
发现每年这些感染的平均百分比分别为HIV 0.2%、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）1.2%、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）0.9%、梅毒0.3%以及疟原虫（MP）0.002%。
如今输血传播感染（TTI）的风险较低，但安全血液的供应取决于适当的献血者选择和灵敏的筛查检测。
