Ham Eunah, Kim Hyun-Jin
Major in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-702, South Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-702, South Korea.
Clin Nutr Res. 2014 Jul;3(2):126-33. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2014.3.2.126. Epub 2014 Jul 29.
Diets high in fruits and vegetables are recommended to maintain health. However, accurate fruit intake evaluation is hard and high sugar content in most of the fruits suggest possible negative relationships with health indices. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the fruit intake status of adolescents and to examine the relationship between fruit intake and body mass index (BMI). For this, 400 middle and high school students were surveyed for their fruit eating attitude, preference, and intake level for fruit along with the evaluation of their relationship with anthropometric measures. As for fruit preference, the most frequent answer was 'like very much' (60.0%) and the preference of fruit was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). The highest answer to the reason to like fruits was 'delicious' (67.0%). The highest proportion of subjects replied that the amount of fruit intake was similar in both school meals and at home (39.3%) and unlikable feeling of fruits was 'sour' (47.0%). The favorite fruit was the apple followed by oriental melon, grape, Korean cherry, cherry, tangerine/orange, hallabong, plum, mango, persimmon, peach, pear/kiwi, apricot, Japanese apricot, and fig in order. As for the number of serving sizes per person were 2.9 times/day for male students and 3.0 times/day for female students showing no significant difference. The frequency of eating fruits in the evening showed a significant positive correlation with body weight (p < 0.05) and BMI (p < 0.01), respectively. In summary of these study findings, it was found that the fruit preference of adolescents was relatively high and their fruit intake level satisfied the recommended number of intake. The number of evening fruit intake had a significantly positive correlation with body weight and BMI. Further studies are required to examine the relationship between fruit intake and health indicators.
建议摄入富含水果和蔬菜的饮食以维持健康。然而，准确评估水果摄入量很困难，而且大多数水果的高糖含量表明其可能与健康指标存在负相关关系。本研究的目的是评估青少年的水果摄入状况，并研究水果摄入量与体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。为此，对400名中学生和高中生进行了调查，了解他们对水果的食用态度、偏好和摄入水平，以及评估这些与人体测量指标之间的关系。关于水果偏好，最常见的答案是“非常喜欢”（60.0%），女性对水果的偏好明显高于男性（p < 0.01）。喜欢水果的最主要原因是“美味”（67.0%）。回答水果摄入量在学校餐食和家中相似的受试者比例最高（39.3%），对水果不喜欢的感觉是“酸”（47.0%）。最受欢迎的水果依次是苹果、东方甜瓜、葡萄、韩国樱桃、樱桃、橘子/橙子、汉拿峰、李子、芒果、柿子、桃子、梨/猕猴桃、杏子、日本杏和无花果。男性学生每人每天的食用份数为2.9次，女性学生为3.0次，无显著差异。晚上吃水果的频率分别与体重（p < 0.05）和BMI（p < 0.01）呈显著正相关。总结这些研究结果发现，青少年对水果的偏好相对较高，他们的水果摄入量满足推荐摄入量。晚上水果摄入量与体重和BMI呈显著正相关。需要进一步研究以探讨水果摄入量与健康指标之间的关系。
