Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Université d'Evry Val d'Essone, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France.
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, BP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Université d'Evry Val d'Essone, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France.
Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):950-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1253435. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was formed ~7500 years ago by hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea, followed by chromosome doubling, a process known as allopolyploidy. Together with more ancient polyploidizations, this conferred an aggregate 72× genome multiplication since the origin of angiosperms and high gene content. We examined the B. napus genome and the consequences of its recent duplication. The constituent An and Cn subgenomes are engaged in subtle structural, functional, and epigenetic cross-talk, with abundant homeologous exchanges. Incipient gene loss and expression divergence have begun. Selection in B. napus oilseed types has accelerated the loss of glucosinolate genes, while preserving expansion of oil biosynthesis genes. These processes provide insights into allopolyploid evolution and its relationship with crop domestication and improvement.
油菜（甘蓝型油菜）形成于约 7500 年前，是通过甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝型油菜之间的杂交以及随后的染色体加倍（称为异源多倍体）产生的。与更古老的多倍体化一起，这导致了自被子植物起源以来总计 72 倍的基因组倍增和高基因含量。我们研究了油菜的基因组及其最近加倍的后果。组成的 An 和 Cn 亚基因组参与微妙的结构、功能和表观遗传交叉对话，并有大量的同源基因交换。基因丢失和表达分歧已经开始。油菜种子类型的选择加速了硫代葡萄糖苷基因的丢失，同时保留了油脂生物合成基因的扩张。这些过程为异源多倍体进化及其与作物驯化和改良的关系提供了新的认识。
