Kafshgari Morteza Hasanzadeh, Harding Frances J, Voelcker Nicolas H
ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2015;12(1):63-77. doi: 10.2174/1567201811666140821110631.
Nanomaterials promise to improve disease diagnosis and treatment by enhancing the delivery of drugs, genes, biomolecules and imaging agents to specific subcellular targets. In order to optimize nanomaterial design for this purpose, a comprehensive understanding of how these materials are taken up and transported within the cell is required. In this review, we discuss the endocytic pathways employed by different types of nanoparticles with emphasis on the influence of nanoparticle surface modification. The use of pharmacological inhibition to probe internalization and intracellular trafficking pathways of nanoparticles is critically evaluated. Finally, approaches to target-specific delivery of therapeutics via nanoparticles into the cytoplasm and nucleus are addressed.
纳米材料有望通过增强药物、基因、生物分子和成像剂向特定亚细胞靶点的递送，来改善疾病的诊断和治疗。为了为此目的优化纳米材料设计，需要全面了解这些材料在细胞内的摄取和运输方式。在本综述中，我们讨论了不同类型纳米颗粒所采用的内吞途径，重点是纳米颗粒表面修饰的影响。对使用药理学抑制来探究纳米颗粒的内化和细胞内运输途径进行了批判性评估。最后，探讨了通过纳米颗粒将治疗剂靶向递送至细胞质和细胞核的方法。
