Peserico Alessia, Di Berardino Chiara, Russo Valentina, Capacchietti Giulia, Di Giacinto Oriana, Canciello Angelo, Camerano Spelta Rapini Chiara, Barboni Barbara
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 20;12(9):1414. doi: 10.3390/nano12091414.
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP-cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell-NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
纳米颗粒（NPs）在诊断和/或治疗领域的实用性源于其成功跨越细胞内和细胞外屏障并实现时空靶向的能力。在此背景下，NP递送平台的优化在技术上与利用NP-细胞相互作用所涉及的机制相关。本综述通过描述其在癌症和再生医学领域的应用，详细概述了聚焦于细胞-NP相互作用/检测的现有技术。具体而言，已进行文献调查以分析影响纳米载体的关键因素，如NP类型和功能化、通过构建在体外和体内条件下调节细胞相互作用机制的能力，同时分析支持NP递送评估的成像设备，并考虑其特异性和敏感性。尽管关于细胞膜包被NP的设计和应用的大量文献信息已达到可被视为纳米医学一个成熟分支并准备好转化至临床的程度，但应用于设计用于指导细胞标记和细胞内保留的NP的仿生功能化策略的技术似乎不太先进。这些方法若能适当扩大规模，将呈现多样的生物医学应用并对人类健康产生积极影响。
