Daling Per S, Leirvik Frode, Almås Inger Kjersti, Brandvik Per Johan, Hansen Bjørn Henrik, Lewis Alun, Reed Mark
SINTEF, Environmental Technology, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
Alun Lewis - Oil Spill Consultancy, Staines, Middx TW18 2EG, United Kingdom.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2014 Oct 15;87(1-2):300-310. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.005. Epub 2014 Aug 22.
Results from a comprehensive oil weathering and dispersant effectiveness study of the MC252 crude oil have been used to predict changes in oil properties due to weathering on the sea surface and to estimate the effective "time window" for dispersant application under various sea conditions. MC252 oil is a light paraffinic crude oil, for which approximately 55 wt.% will evaporate within 3-5 days when drifting on the sea. An unstable and low-viscosity water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion are formed during the first few days at the sea surface. This allows a high degree of natural dispersion when exposed to breaking wave conditions. Under calm sea conditions, a more stable and light-brown/orange colored water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion may start to form after several days, and viscosities of 10,000-15,000 mPa s can be achieved after 1-2 weeks. The "time window" for effective use of dispersants was estimated to be more than 1 week weathering at sea.
一项关于MC252原油的全面油类风化和分散剂有效性研究的结果，已被用于预测海面风化导致的油类性质变化，并估算在各种海况下使用分散剂的有效“时间窗口”。MC252油是一种轻质石蜡基原油，当在海面漂移时，约55 wt.%的该原油会在3至5天内蒸发。在海面的最初几天会形成不稳定且低粘度的油包水（w/o）乳液。当暴露于破浪条件下时，这会导致高度的自然分散。在平静海况下，几天后可能开始形成更稳定且呈浅棕色/橙色的油包水（w/o）乳液，1至2周后粘度可达10000 - 15000 mPa s。有效使用分散剂的“时间窗口”估计为在海上风化超过1周。
