Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2015 Mar;16(2):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.07.004. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
Childhood asthma prevalence worldwide has been increasing markedly over several decades. Various theories have been proposed to account for this alarming trend. The disease has a broad spectrum of potential determinants ranging from genetics to lifestyle and environmental factors. Epidemiological observations have demonstrated that several important lifestyle and environmental factors including obesity, urban living, dietary patterns such as food low in antioxidants and fast food, non-breastfeeding, gut flora imbalance, cigarette smoking, air pollution, and viral infection are associated with asthma exacerbations in children. However, only environmental tobacco smoke has been associated with the development of asthma. Despite epidemiological studies indicating that many other factors are probably associated with the development of asthma, the relationships are not considered causal due to the inadequate evidence and inconsistent results from recent studies. This may highlight that sufficient data and exact mechanisms of causality are still in need of further study.
几十年来，全球儿童哮喘的患病率显著上升。为了解释这一令人担忧的趋势，提出了各种理论。该疾病有广泛的潜在决定因素，包括遗传、生活方式和环境因素。流行病学观察表明，肥胖、城市生活、饮食模式（如抗氧化剂和快餐食品低的食物）、非母乳喂养、肠道菌群失衡、吸烟、空气污染和病毒感染等一些重要的生活方式和环境因素与儿童哮喘恶化有关。然而，只有环境烟草烟雾与哮喘的发展有关。尽管流行病学研究表明，许多其他因素可能与哮喘的发展有关，但由于缺乏证据和最近研究结果不一致，这些关系不被认为是因果关系。这可能表明，足够的数据和因果关系的确切机制仍需要进一步研究。
