Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Respir Res. 2023 Mar 16;24(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12931-023-02383-9.
Longitudinal epidemiological data are scarce examining the relationship between dietary patterns and respiratory outcomes in childhood. We investigated whether three distinct dietary patterns in mid-childhood were associated with lung function and incident asthma in adolescence.
In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 'processed', 'traditional', and 'health-conscious' dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis from food frequency questionnaires at 7 years of age. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF) were measured at 15.5 years and were transformed to z-scores based on the Global Lung Function Initiative curves. Incident asthma was defined by new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years.
In multivariable-adjusted models, the 'health-conscious' pattern was positively associated with FEV (regression coefficient comparing top versus bottom quartile of pattern score 0.16, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.31, P for trend 0.04) and FVC (0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.33, P for trend 0.02), while the 'processed' pattern was negatively associated with FVC (- 0.17, 95% CI - 0.33 to - 0.01, P for trend 0.03). Associations between the 'health-conscious' and 'processed' patterns and lung function were modified by SCGB1A1 and GPX4 gene polymorphisms. We found no evidence of an association between the 'traditional' pattern and lung function, nor between any pattern and FEF or incident asthma.
A 'health-conscious' diet in mid-childhood was associated with higher subsequent lung function, while a diet high in processed food was associated with lower lung function.
关于饮食模式与儿童期呼吸道结局之间关系的纵向流行病学数据较为缺乏。我们研究了儿童中期三种不同的饮食模式是否与青少年时期的肺功能和哮喘发病有关。
在阿冯纵向研究父母与子女中，在 7 岁时使用食物频率问卷的主成分分析法识别出“加工”、“传统”和“注重健康”的饮食模式。15.5 岁时测量支气管扩张后 1 秒用力呼气容积（FEV）、用力肺活量（FVC）和 25%-75%用力呼气流量（FEF），并根据全球肺功能倡议曲线转换为 z 分数。哮喘新发病例定义为 11 岁或 14 岁时新确诊的哮喘病例。
在多变量调整模型中，“注重健康”的饮食模式与 FEV（模式评分最高与最低四分位数比较的回归系数为 0.16，95%置信区间 0.01 至 0.31，趋势 P 值为 0.04）和 FVC（0.18，95%置信区间 0.04 至 0.33，趋势 P 值为 0.02）呈正相关，而“加工”的饮食模式与 FVC 呈负相关（-0.17，95%置信区间-0.33 至-0.01，趋势 P 值为 0.03）。“注重健康”和“加工”饮食模式与肺功能之间的关联受到 SCGB1A1 和 GPX4 基因多态性的修饰。我们没有发现“传统”饮食模式与肺功能之间存在关联的证据，也没有发现任何模式与 FEF 或哮喘发病之间存在关联。
儿童中期“注重健康”的饮食与更高的后续肺功能相关，而富含加工食品的饮食与更低的肺功能相关。
