Townsend A, Noelker L, Deimling G, Bass D
Margaret Blenkner Research Center, Benjamin Rose Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44115-1989.
Psychol Aging. 1989 Dec;4(4):393-401. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.4.4.393.
The wear-and-tear hypothesis of caregiving (the longer care provided, the more psychological strain on caregivers) was examined using panel survey data from 112 adult children providing interhousehold care to an impaired elderly parent. Measures included subjective caregiving stress and perceived caregiving effectiveness ("wear") and depression and affect balance ("tear"). Contrary to the hypothesis, data revealed variability in children's adaptation to caregiving, improvement rather than deterioration being the norm. In a recursive path model, both subjective stress and perceived effectiveness were significant predictors of changes in depression. Depression was not significantly related to duration of caregiving. Discussion suggests that future researchers consider other types of caregivers and care settings, factors predicting variability in caregivers' adaptation over time, and changes as well as stability in care arrangements.
使用来自112名向受损老年父母提供家庭间照料的成年子女的面板调查数据，对照料的磨损假说（照料时间越长，照料者的心理压力越大）进行了检验。测量指标包括主观照料压力和感知照料效果（“磨损”）以及抑郁和情感平衡（“撕裂”）。与该假说相反，数据显示子女在照料适应方面存在差异，改善而非恶化才是常态。在一个递归路径模型中，主观压力和感知效果都是抑郁变化的显著预测因素。抑郁与照料持续时间没有显著关系。讨论表明，未来的研究人员应考虑其他类型的照料者和照料环境、预测照料者随时间适应差异的因素，以及照料安排的变化和稳定性。
