Singh Baljinder, Singh Kashmir
a Department of Biotechnology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , Punjab , India.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42(2):245-61. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.929564. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
Herbicides remain the most effective, efficient and economical way to control weeds; and its market continues to grow even with the plethora of generic products. With the development of herbicide-tolerant crops, use of herbicides is increasing around the world that has resulted in severe contamination of the environment. The strategies are now being developed to clean these substances in an economical and eco-friendly manner. In this review, an attempt has been made to pool all the available literature on the biodegradation of key herbicides, clodinafop propargyl, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, metolachlor, diuron, glyphosate, imazapyr, pendimethalin and paraquat under the following objectives: (1) to highlight the general characteristic and mode of action, (2) to enlist toxicity in animals, (3) to pool microorganisms capable of degrading herbicides, (4) to discuss the assessment of herbicides degradation by efficient microbes, (5) to highlight biodegradation pathways, (6) to discuss the molecular basis of degradation, (7) to enlist the products of herbicides under degradation process, (8) to highlight the factors effecting biodegradation of herbicides and (9) to discuss the future aspects of herbicides degradation. This review may be useful in developing safer and economic microbiological methods for cleanup of soil and water contaminated with such compounds.
除草剂仍然是控制杂草最有效、高效且经济的方法；即便有大量的通用产品，其市场仍在持续增长。随着耐除草剂作物的发展，全球范围内除草剂的使用量不断增加，这导致了严重的环境污染。目前正在制定相关策略，以经济且环保的方式清除这些物质。在本综述中，已尝试汇总所有关于关键除草剂炔草酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、阿特拉津、异丙甲草胺、敌草隆、草甘膦、咪唑乙烟酸、二甲戊灵和百草枯生物降解的现有文献，目标如下：（1）突出其一般特性和作用方式，（2）列举对动物的毒性，（3）汇总能够降解除草剂的微生物，（4）讨论高效微生物对除草剂降解的评估，（5）突出生物降解途径，（6）讨论降解的分子基础，（7）列举降解过程中除草剂的产物，（8）突出影响除草剂生物降解的因素，以及（9）讨论除草剂降解的未来发展方向。本综述可能有助于开发更安全、经济的微生物方法，用于清理受此类化合物污染的土壤和水。
