Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2017 Nov;143:272-297. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
Chemical herbicides are widely used to control weeds and are frequently detected as contaminants in the environment. Due to their toxicity, the environmental fate of herbicides is of great concern. Microbial catabolism is considered the major pathway for the dissipation of herbicides in the environment. In recent decades, there have been an increasing number of reports on the catabolism of various herbicides by microorganisms. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the microbial catabolism of various herbicides, including phenoxyacetic acid, chlorinated benzoic acid, diphenyl ether, tetra-substituted benzene, sulfonamide, imidazolinone, aryloxyphenoxypropionate, phenylurea, dinitroaniline, s-triazine, chloroacetanilide, organophosphorus, thiocarbamate, trazinone, triketone, pyrimidinylthiobenzoate, benzonitrile, isoxazole and bipyridinium herbicides. This review highlights the microbial resources that are capable of catabolizing these herbicides and the mechanisms involved in the catabolism. Furthermore, the application of herbicide-degrading strains to clean up herbicide-contaminated sites and the construction of genetically modified herbicide-resistant crops are discussed.
化学除草剂被广泛用于除草，并且经常作为污染物在环境中被检测到。由于其毒性，除草剂在环境中的归宿受到极大关注。微生物的分解代谢被认为是除草剂在环境中消散的主要途径。近几十年来，越来越多的报道涉及微生物对各种除草剂的代谢。本文综述了近年来微生物对各种除草剂（如苯氧乙酸、氯苯甲酸、二苯醚、四取代苯、磺胺类、咪唑啉酮、芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯、苯脲、二硝基苯胺、均三嗪、氯乙酰苯胺、有机磷、硫代氨基甲酸酯、嗪酮、三酮、嘧啶基硫代苯甲酸酯、苯甲腈、异恶唑和联吡啶除草剂）的代谢研究进展。本文重点介绍了能够代谢这些除草剂的微生物资源及其代谢机制。此外，还讨论了利用除草剂降解菌清理除草剂污染场地和构建遗传改良的抗除草剂作物的应用。
