Sellers Katherine, Raval Pooja, Srivastava Deepak P
Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The James Black Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The James Black Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2015 Jan;36:72-89. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 23.
There is now a growing appreciation that estrogens are capable of rapidly activating a number of signaling cascades within the central nervous system. In addition, there are an increasing number of studies reporting that 17β-estradiol, the major biologically active estrogen, can modulate cognition within a rapid time frame. Here we review recent studies that have begun to uncover the molecular and cellular framework which contributes to estrogens ability to rapidly modulate cognition. We first describe the mechanisms by which estrogen receptors (ERs) can couple to intracellular signaling cascades, either directly, or via the transactivation of other receptors. Subsequently, we review the evidence that estrogen can rapidly modulate both neuronal function and structure in the hippocampus and the cortex. Finally, we will discuss how estrogens may influence cognitive function through the modulation of neuronal structure, and the implications this may have on the treatment of a range of brain disorders.
现在人们越来越认识到，雌激素能够在中枢神经系统内迅速激活多个信号级联反应。此外，越来越多的研究报告称，主要具有生物活性的雌激素17β-雌二醇能够在短时间内调节认知。在此，我们综述了最近的一些研究，这些研究已开始揭示有助于雌激素快速调节认知能力的分子和细胞框架。我们首先描述雌激素受体（ERs）能够直接或通过其他受体的反式激活与细胞内信号级联反应偶联的机制。随后，我们综述雌激素能够快速调节海马体和皮质中神经元功能和结构的证据。最后，我们将讨论雌激素如何通过调节神经元结构来影响认知功能，以及这可能对一系列脑部疾病治疗产生的影响。
