a Department of Psychology, University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , CO4 3SQ , UK.
Psychol Health. 2008;23(3):327-46. doi: 10.1080/14768320701360385.
Everyone prefers health to ill-health, though some worry more about ill health than others and for others abstract health concerns seem to pale compared with the prospect of immediate hedonic pleasures. Two studies (n = 90, n = 70) utilized a 'fit' in self-regulatory focus approach (Higgins, 2000 ) to describe when and how worrying about health (versus focus on hedonic pleasure) is likely to lead to distinct health behaviors. According to this model, individuals differ in their self-regulatory focus-some focus on reaching safety and security through vigilant and careful action (prevention focus) and others focus on opportunities to eagerly approach hopes and aspirations (promotion focus). We proposed that likelihood of engaging in health care-taking behaviors is higher among individuals who experience 'prevention fit'--who are prevention-focused and are chronically or temporarily worried about health--whereas likelihood of engaging in eagerness-related behaviors that may be detrimental to health is higher among individuals who experience 'promotion fit'--who are promotion-focused and chronically or temporarily experience thrill seeking. Prevention fit correlated with health care-taking behaviors (Study 1) and with readiness to engage in cancer detection behaviors (Study 2). Promotion fit correlated with using stimulants to overcome physical weakness (Study 1).
虽然有些人比其他人更担心健康问题，但每个人都更希望健康而不是不健康，对于其他人来说，抽象的健康问题似乎不如即时的快乐重要。两项研究（n=90，n=70）利用“自我调节焦点”方法（Higgins，2000）来描述何时以及如何担心健康（而不是关注享乐）更有可能导致不同的健康行为。根据该模型，个体在自我调节焦点上存在差异——一些人通过警惕和谨慎的行动关注达到安全和保障（预防焦点），而另一些人则关注实现希望和抱负的机会（促进焦点）。我们提出，在经历“预防匹配”的个体中，即那些预防为重点并长期或暂时担心健康的个体，更有可能参与保健行为，而在经历“促进匹配”的个体中，即那些促进为重点并长期或暂时经历冒险寻求的个体，更有可能参与可能对健康有害的渴望相关行为。预防匹配与保健行为相关（研究 1），与准备进行癌症检测行为相关（研究 2）。促进匹配与使用兴奋剂克服身体虚弱有关（研究 1）。
