Lee Rachel M, Moore Laura B, Bottazzi Maria Elena, Hotez Peter J
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
James A. Baker Institute of Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Aug 28;8(8):e3116. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003116. eCollection 2014 Aug.
Toxocariasis is an important neglected tropical disease that can manifest as visceral or ocular larva migrans, or covert toxocariasis. All three forms pose a public health problem and cause significant morbidity in areas of high prevalence. To determine the burden of toxocariasis in North America, we conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines. We found 18 articles with original prevalence, incidence, or case data for toxocariasis. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.6% in a Canadian Inuit community to 30.8% in Mexican children with asthma. Commonly cited risk factors included: African-American race, poverty, male sex, and pet ownership or environmental contamination by animal feces. Increased prevalence of Toxocara spp. infection was linked in a group of case control studies conducted in Mexico to several high risk groups including waste pickers, asthmatic children, and inpatient psychiatry patients. Further research is needed to determine the true current burden of toxocariasis in North America; however the prevalence estimates gathered in this review suggest that the burden of disease is significant.
弓蛔虫病是一种重要的被忽视的热带病，可表现为内脏幼虫移行症或眼幼虫移行症，或隐性弓蛔虫病。这三种形式均构成公共卫生问题，并在高流行地区导致显著的发病率。为了确定北美弓蛔虫病的负担，我们按照PRISMA指南对文献进行了系统综述。我们找到了18篇有关弓蛔虫病原始患病率、发病率或病例数据的文章。患病率估计值从加拿大因纽特社区的0.6%到墨西哥哮喘儿童中的30.8%不等。常见的危险因素包括：非裔美国人种族、贫困、男性以及养宠物或动物粪便对环境的污染。在墨西哥进行的一组病例对照研究中，弓蛔虫属感染患病率的增加与几个高危群体有关，包括拾荒者、哮喘儿童和住院精神科患者。需要进一步研究以确定北美当前弓蛔虫病的真实负担；然而，本综述收集的患病率估计值表明疾病负担很大。
