Nielsen Daiva E, Shih Sarah, El-Sohemy Ahmed
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2014;7(2):94-104. doi: 10.1159/000365508. Epub 2014 Aug 22.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests have facilitated easy access to personal genetic information related to health and nutrition; however, consumer perceptions of the nutritional information provided by these tests have not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to assess individual perceptions of personalized nutrition and genetic testing and to determine whether a personalized nutrition intervention modifies perceptions.
A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted among healthy men and women aged 20-35 years (n = 138). Participants in the intervention group (n = 92) were given a report of DNA-based dietary advice and those in the control group (n = 46) were given a general dietary advice report. A survey was completed at baseline and 3 and 12 months after distributing the reports to assess perceptions between the two groups.
No significant differences in perceptions of personalized nutrition and genetic testing were observed between the intervention and control group, so responses of both groups were combined. As compared to baseline, participant responses increased significantly toward the positive end of a Likert scale at 3 months for the statement 'I am interested in the relationship between diet and genetics' (mean change ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.99, p = 0.0002). The majority of participants indicated that a university research lab (47%) or health care professional (41%) were the best sources for obtaining accurate personal genetic information, while a DTC genetic testing company received the fewest selections (12%). Most participants (56%) considered dietitians to be the best source of personalized nutrition followed by medical doctors (27%), naturopaths (8%) and nurses (6%).
These results suggest that perceptions of personalized nutrition changed over the course of the intervention. Individuals view a research lab or health care professional as better providers of genetic information than a DTC genetic testing company, and registered dietitians are considered to be the best providers of personalized nutrition advice.
背景/目的：直接面向消费者（DTC）的基因检测使人们能够轻松获取与健康和营养相关的个人基因信息；然而，消费者对这些检测所提供营养信息的看法尚未得到评估。本研究的目的是评估个人对个性化营养和基因检测的看法，并确定个性化营养干预是否会改变这些看法。
在20 - 35岁的健康男性和女性中进行了一项双盲、平行组、随机对照试验（n = 138）。干预组（n = 92）的参与者收到了一份基于DNA的饮食建议报告，而对照组（n = 46）的参与者收到了一份一般饮食建议报告。在分发报告后的基线、3个月和12个月完成了一项调查，以评估两组之间的看法。
干预组和对照组在个性化营养和基因检测的看法上未观察到显著差异，因此将两组的回答合并。与基线相比，对于“我对饮食与基因之间的关系感兴趣”这一陈述，参与者在3个月时的回答在李克特量表上显著向积极端增加（平均变化±标准差：0.28±0.99，p = 0.0002）。大多数参与者表示，大学研究实验室（47%）或医疗保健专业人员（41%）是获取准确个人基因信息的最佳来源，而DTC基因检测公司获得的选择最少（12%）。大多数参与者（56%）认为营养师是个性化营养的最佳来源，其次是医生（27%）、自然疗法医生（8%）和护士（6%）。
这些结果表明，在干预过程中，对个性化营养的看法发生了变化。与DTC基因检测公司相比，个人认为研究实验室或医疗保健专业人员是更好的基因信息提供者，并且注册营养师被认为是个性化营养建议的最佳提供者。
