芳樟醇源自樟树叶提取物，对钉螺具有杀螺活性，并能抑制日本血吸虫的感染。
Linalool, derived from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaf extracts, possesses molluscicidal activity against Oncomelania hupensis and inhibits infection of Schistosoma japonicum.
作者信息
Yang Fan, Long Erping, Wen Juhua, Cao Lei, Zhu Chengcheng, Hu Huanxin, Ruan Ying, Okanurak Kamolnetr, Hu Huiling, Wei Xiaoxia, Yang Xiangyun, Wang Chaofan, Zhang Limei, Wang Xiaoying, Ji Pengyu, Zheng Huanqin, Wu Zhongdao, Lv Zhiyue
机构信息
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Aug 29;7:407. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-407.
BACKGROUND
Schistosomiasis japonicum remains a considerable economic and public health concern in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Currently available measures to control the unique intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis are frequently associated with severe side effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that linalool-rich extracts from various plants exhibited promising biological activities including cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-parasitic properties.
METHODS
We identified the components of leaf extracts from Cinnamomum camphora by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and investigated molluscicidal and larvicidal effects of linalool against O. hupensis and Schistosoma japonicium. The ultrastructural alterations in gills, salivary gland, stomach and hepatopancreas of snails were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope, and lesions to tegument of cercaria were examined under a light microscope and fluorescence microscope. We then evaluated the effects of linalool on skin penetration and migration of schistosomula and adult survival by measurement of worm burden and egg counts in Balb/C mice infected with linalool-treated cercariae.
RESULTS
In the present work, 44 components were identified from the leaf extracts of C. camphora, of which linalool was the most abundant constituent. Linalool exhibited the striking molluscicidal and larvicidal effects with LC50 = 0.25 mg/L for O. hupensis and LC50 = 0.07 mg/L for cercaria of S. japonicium. After exposure to linalool, damage to the gills and hepatopancreas of the snails, and to the tegument and body-tail joint of cercariae was apparent. In addition, linalool markedly reduced the recovered schistosomulum from mouse skin after challenge infection, and therefore decreased the worm burden in infected animals, but not fecundity of female adults of the parasite.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated that linalool might be a novel chemotherapeutic agent against S. japonicium and the snail intermediate host.
背景
日本血吸虫病在中国、菲律宾和印度尼西亚仍然是一个重大的经济和公共卫生问题。目前用于控制独特中间宿主钉螺的措施常常伴有严重的副作用。先前的研究表明，来自各种植物的富含芳樟醇的提取物具有包括细胞毒性、抗菌和抗寄生虫特性在内的有前景的生物活性。
方法
我们通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）鉴定了樟树叶片提取物的成分，并研究了芳樟醇对钉螺和日本血吸虫的杀螺和杀幼虫作用。在光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察了蜗牛鳃、唾液腺、胃和肝胰腺的超微结构变化，并在光学显微镜和荧光显微镜下检查了尾蚴体表的损伤。然后，通过测量感染经芳樟醇处理的尾蚴的Balb/C小鼠的虫负荷和虫卵计数，评估了芳樟醇对血吸虫幼虫皮肤穿透和迁移以及成虫存活的影响。
结果
在本研究中，从樟树叶片提取物中鉴定出44种成分，其中芳樟醇是最主要的成分。芳樟醇表现出显著的杀螺和杀幼虫作用，对钉螺的半数致死浓度（LC50）= 0.25 mg/L，对日本血吸虫尾蚴的LC50 = 0.07 mg/L。暴露于芳樟醇后，蜗牛的鳃和肝胰腺以及尾蚴的体表和体尾连接处出现明显损伤。此外，芳樟醇显著减少了攻击感染后从小鼠皮肤中回收的血吸虫幼虫数量，因此降低了感染动物的虫负荷，但不影响该寄生虫雌虫的繁殖力。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，芳樟醇可能是一种针对日本血吸虫及其蜗牛中间宿主的新型化疗药物。
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