Schoenfeld Timothy J, Cameron Heather A
Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015 Jan;40(1):113-28. doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.230. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
Several lines of evidence suggest that adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in adulthood, may play a role in psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Medications and other treatments for mental disorders often promote the proliferation of new neurons; the time course for maturation and integration of new neurons in circuitry parallels the delayed efficacy of psychiatric therapies; adverse and beneficial experiences similarly affect development of mental illness and neurogenesis; and ablation of new neurons in adulthood alters the behavioral impact of drugs in animal models. At present, the links between adult neurogenesis and depression seem stronger than those suggesting a relationship between new neurons and anxiety or schizophrenia. Yet, even in the case of depression there is currently no direct evidence for a causative role. This article reviews the data relating adult neurogenesis to mental illness and discusses where research needs to head in the future.
多条证据表明，成体神经发生（即成年期产生新神经元）可能在包括抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症在内的精神疾病中发挥作用。治疗精神障碍的药物和其他疗法通常会促进新神经元的增殖；新神经元在神经回路中成熟和整合的时间进程与精神科治疗的延迟疗效相似；不良和有益经历同样会影响精神疾病的发展和神经发生；成年期新神经元的消融会改变动物模型中药物的行为影响。目前，成体神经发生与抑郁症之间的联系似乎比新神经元与焦虑症或精神分裂症之间的关系更强。然而，即使在抑郁症的情况下，目前也没有直接证据证明其具有因果作用。本文回顾了将成体神经发生与精神疾病相关的数据，并讨论了未来研究的方向。
