McDaniel Patricia A, Malone Ruth E
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 2;9(9):e106461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106461. eCollection 2014.
In the US, denormalizing tobacco use is key to tobacco control; less attention has been paid to denormalizing tobacco sales. However, some localities have placed limits on the number and type of retailers who may sell tobacco, and some retailers have abandoned tobacco sales voluntarily. Understanding community norms surrounding tobacco sales may help accelerate tobacco denormalization.
We conducted 15 focus groups with customers of California, New York, and Ohio retailers who had voluntarily discontinued tobacco sales to examine normative assumptions about where cigarettes should or should not be sold, voluntary decisions to discontinue tobacco sales, and government limits on such sales.
Groups in all three states generally agreed that grocery stores that sold healthy products should not sell tobacco; California groups saw pharmacies similarly, while this was a minority opinion in the other two states. Convenience stores were regarded as a natural place to sell tobacco. In each state, it was regarded as normal and commendable for some stores to want to stop selling tobacco, although few participants could imagine convenience stores doing so. Views on government's role in setting limits on tobacco sales varied, with California and New York participants generally expressing support for restrictions, and Ohio participants expressing opposition. However, even those who expressed opposition did not approve of tobacco sales in all possible venues. Banning tobacco sales entirely was not yet normative.
Limiting the ubiquitous availability of tobacco sales is key to ending the tobacco epidemic. Some limits on tobacco sales appear to be normative from the perspective of community members; it may be possible to shift norms further by problematizing the ubiquitous presence of cigarettes and drawing connections to other products already subject to restrictions.
在美国，使烟草使用失去常态是烟草控制的关键；而使烟草销售失去常态则较少受到关注。然而，一些地方对可销售烟草的零售商数量和类型设置了限制，一些零售商也自愿停止了烟草销售。了解围绕烟草销售的社区规范可能有助于加速烟草去常态化。
我们对加利福尼亚州、纽约州和俄亥俄州已自愿停止烟草销售的零售商的顾客进行了15次焦点小组讨论，以研究关于香烟应在何处或不应在何处销售的规范性假设、停止烟草销售的自愿决定以及政府对此类销售的限制。
所有三个州的小组普遍认为，销售健康产品的杂货店不应销售烟草；加利福尼亚州的小组对药店也持类似看法，而在其他两个州这只是少数观点。便利店被视为销售烟草的自然场所。在每个州，一些商店想要停止销售烟草被视为正常且值得称赞的，尽管很少有参与者能想象便利店会这样做。对于政府在设定烟草销售限制方面的作用，看法不一，加利福尼亚州和纽约州的参与者普遍表示支持限制，而俄亥俄州的参与者表示反对。然而，即使是那些表示反对的人也并非赞成在所有可能的场所销售烟草。完全禁止烟草销售尚未成为常态。
限制烟草销售无处不在的现状是终结烟草流行的关键。从社区成员的角度来看，对烟草销售的一些限制似乎是常态；通过对香烟无处不在提出质疑并将其与其他已受限制的产品建立联系，有可能进一步改变规范。
