Suri Gaurav, Sheppes Gal, Leslie Sara, Gross James J
Department of Psychology, Stanford University.
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2014 Dec;20(4):295-302. doi: 10.1037/xap0000026. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
To encourage an increase in daily activity, researchers have tried a variety of health-related communications, but with mixed results. In the present research-using the stair escalator choice context-we examined predictions derived from the Heuristic Systematic Model (HSM), Self Determination Theory (SDT), and related theories. Specifically, we tested whether (as predicted by HSM) signs that encourage heuristic processing ("Take the Stairs") would have greatest impact when placed at the stair/escalator point of choice (when processing time is limited), whereas signs that encourage systematic processing ("Will You Take the Stairs?") would have greatest impact when placed at some distance from the point of choice (when processing time is less limited). We also tested whether (as predicted by SDT) messages promoting autonomy would be more likely to result in sustained motivated behavior (i.e., stair taking at subsequent uncued choice points) than messages that use commands. A series of studies involving more than 9,000 pedestrians provided support for these predictions.
为鼓励日常活动量的增加，研究人员尝试了各种与健康相关的宣传方式，但结果不一。在本研究中——采用楼梯自动扶梯选择情境——我们检验了源自启发式系统模型（HSM）、自我决定理论（SDT）及相关理论的预测。具体而言，我们测试了（如HSM所预测）鼓励启发式加工的标识（“走楼梯”）放置在楼梯/自动扶梯选择点（加工时间有限时）是否会产生最大影响，而鼓励系统加工的标识（“你会走楼梯吗？”）放置在离选择点有一段距离处（加工时间不太有限时）是否会产生最大影响。我们还测试了（如SDT所预测）促进自主性的信息是否比使用命令的信息更有可能导致持续的积极行为（即，在随后无提示的选择点走楼梯）。一系列涉及9000多名行人的研究为这些预测提供了支持。
