Dayanidhi Sudarshan, Lieber Richard L
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0863, La Jolla, California, 92093-0863, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Muscle Nerve. 2014 Nov;50(5):723-32. doi: 10.1002/mus.24441.
Satellite cells (SCs) are the muscle stem cells responsible for longitudinal and cross-sectional postnatal growth and repair after injury and which provide new myonuclei when needed. We review their morphology and contribution to development and their role in sarcomere and myonuclear addition. SCs, similar to other tissue stem cells, cycle through different states, such as quiescence, activation, and self-renewal, and thus we consider the signaling mechanisms involved in maintenance of these states. The role of the SC niche and their interactions with other cells, such as fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix, are all emerging as major factors that affect aging and disease. Interestingly, children with cerebral palsy appear to have a reduced SC number, which could play a role in their reduced muscular development and even in muscular contracture formation. Finally, we review the current information on SC dysfunction in children with muscular dystrophy and emerging therapies that target promotion of myogenesis and reduction of fibrosis.
卫星细胞（SCs）是肌肉干细胞，负责出生后肌肉的纵向和横向生长以及损伤后的修复，并且在需要时提供新的肌细胞核。我们综述了它们的形态、对发育的贡献以及在肌节和肌核添加中的作用。与其他组织干细胞类似，卫星细胞经历不同的状态循环，如静止、激活和自我更新，因此我们考虑了维持这些状态所涉及的信号传导机制。卫星细胞微环境的作用以及它们与其他细胞（如成纤维细胞和细胞外基质）的相互作用，都正在成为影响衰老和疾病的主要因素。有趣的是，脑瘫患儿的卫星细胞数量似乎减少，这可能在其肌肉发育减少甚至肌肉挛缩形成中起作用。最后，我们综述了目前关于肌肉营养不良患儿卫星细胞功能障碍的信息以及旨在促进肌生成和减少纤维化的新兴疗法。
