Kočar Vid, Božič Abram Sabina, Doles Tibor, Bašić Nino, Gradišar Helena, Pisanski Tomaž, Jerala Roman
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015 Mar-Apr;7(2):218-37. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1289. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
Biopolymers, the essential components of life, are able to form many complex nanostructures, and proteins in particular are the material of choice for most cellular processes. Owing to numerous cooperative interactions, rational design of new protein folds remains extremely challenging. An alternative strategy is to design topofolds-nanostructures built from polypeptide arrays of interacting modules that define their topology. Over the course of the last several decades DNA has successfully been repurposed from its native role of information storage to a smart nanomaterial used for nanostructure self-assembly of almost any shape, which is largely because of its programmable nature. Unfortunately, polypeptides do not possess the straightforward complementarity as do nucleic acids. However, a modular approach can nevertheless be used to assemble polypeptide nanostructures, as was recently demonstrated on a single-chain polypeptide tetrahedron. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art in the field of topological polypeptide folds. It starts with a brief overview of the field of structural DNA and RNA nanotechnology, from which it draws parallels and possible directions of development for the emerging field of polypeptide-based nanotechnology. The principles of topofold strategy and unique properties of such polypeptide nanostructures in comparison to native protein folds are discussed. Reasons for the apparent absence of such folds in nature are also examined. Physicochemical versatility of amino acid residues and cost-effective production makes polypeptides an attractive platform for designed functional bionanomaterials.
生物聚合物作为生命的基本组成部分，能够形成许多复杂的纳米结构，尤其是蛋白质，是大多数细胞过程的首选材料。由于存在众多协同相互作用，合理设计新的蛋白质折叠仍然极具挑战性。另一种策略是设计拓扑折叠结构，即由定义其拓扑结构的相互作用模块的多肽阵列构建而成的纳米结构。在过去几十年中，DNA已成功从其作为信息存储的天然角色转变为一种用于几乎任何形状的纳米结构自组装的智能纳米材料，这在很大程度上归因于其可编程性。不幸的是，多肽并不具备核酸那样直接的互补性。然而，模块化方法仍可用于组装多肽纳米结构，最近在单链多肽四面体上就得到了证明。本综述聚焦于拓扑多肽折叠领域的当前技术水平。首先简要概述了结构DNA和RNA纳米技术领域，从中为新兴的基于多肽的纳米技术领域找出相似之处和可能的发展方向。讨论了拓扑折叠策略的原理以及此类多肽纳米结构与天然蛋白质折叠相比的独特性质。还研究了自然界中明显不存在此类折叠的原因。氨基酸残基的物理化学多样性和具有成本效益的生产使得多肽成为设计功能性生物纳米材料的一个有吸引力的平台。
