Professor, Keimyung University, Republic of Korea.
Disasters. 2014 Oct;38(4):846-57. doi: 10.1111/disa.12084.
With a view towards suggesting improvements to the official UK Guidance for disaster exercises, this paper critically examines a representative sample of recent disaster management exercises in the United Kingdom to determine how they are planned, conducted and assessed. Personal observations and in-depth qualitative interviews were used to study three representative multi-agency disaster exercises in the UK: (1) the Hitachi 395 Evacuation Workshop and Exercise Twin Bore, (2) Exercise Saxon Shore and (3) Exercise Operation Safe Return. The research demonstrates that disaster exercises in the UK generally consist of four main approaches: (1) disaster response and adaptability, (2) building-block approach, (3) citizen participation and (4) discussion-based debriefs. While the data demonstrates that each of these approaches has significant merit, it also elucidates key improvements that should be made to the official UK guidance and reflected in future exercises. In particular, the research suggests that the Guidance should highlight the importance of adaptability at the scene of a disaster, advance a building-block methodology to organising exercises and reiterate the need for better debriefings of volunteer participants.
为了对英国官方灾难演习指南提出改进建议，本文批判性地考察了英国近期具有代表性的灾难管理演习，以确定它们的规划、实施和评估方式。本文采用个人观察和深入的定性访谈，研究了英国三个具有代表性的多机构灾难演习：（1）日立 395 疏散研讨会和演习双子钻孔，（2）演习撒克逊海岸，以及（3）演习操作安全返回。研究表明，英国的灾难演习通常包括以下四个主要方法：（1）灾难响应和适应性，（2）积木方法，（3）公民参与，以及（4）基于讨论的汇报。虽然数据表明这些方法都具有显著的优点，但也阐明了应该对官方英国指南进行的关键改进，并反映在未来的演习中。特别是，研究建议该指南应强调灾难现场适应性的重要性，提出一种组织演习的积木方法，并再次强调更好地汇报志愿者参与者的必要性。
