Gao Bing, Ni Chuanfa, Hu Jinbo
Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
Chimia (Aarau). 2014;68(6):414-8. doi: 10.2533/chimia.2014.414.
Fluorinated compounds are of significant importance in various fields due to their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. Accordingly, the incorporation of fluorine atom(s) or fluorine-containing functionalities into organic molecules has received considerable attention. For decades, extensive reports and reviews mainly focused on the fluorination and perfluoroalkylation (especially trifluoromethylation) whereas the preparation of partially fluorinated compounds was less developed. Difluoromethylated arenes and their derivatives (ArCF₂R, R ≠ F, R(f), H) have been found to be as important in pharmaceuticals as trifluoromethylated arenes. However, it is only recently that these compounds have experienced a revival of interest from synthetic chemists. The direct construction of carbon(sp2)-carbon(sp3) bonds via transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions represents one of the most straightforward strategies for the introduction of difluoromethylene moieties (CF₂R, R ≠ F, R(f)) to aromatic compounds. This mini-review focuses on recent advances of this research topic from both synthetic and mechanistic perspectives.
由于其独特的化学、物理和生物学性质，含氟化合物在各个领域都具有重要意义。因此，将氟原子或含氟官能团引入有机分子受到了相当大的关注。几十年来，大量的报告和综述主要集中在氟化和全氟烷基化（尤其是三氟甲基化），而部分氟化化合物的制备则发展较少。二氟甲基化芳烃及其衍生物（ArCF₂R，R≠F，R(f)，H）已被发现与三氟甲基化芳烃在药物领域同样重要。然而，直到最近这些化合物才重新引起合成化学家的兴趣。通过过渡金属介导的交叉偶联反应直接构建碳（sp2）-碳（sp3）键是将二氟亚甲基部分（CF₂R，R≠F，R(f)）引入芳香族化合物的最直接策略之一。本综述从合成和机理两个角度聚焦于该研究主题的最新进展。
