Stříteská Jana, Nekvindová Jana, Cerný Vladimír, Palička Vladimír
Cas Lek Cesk. 2014;153(4):187-92.
MicroRNAs are short non-coding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level thus affecting important physiological as well as pathophysiological processes in the organism, for example cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. They are involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. Many microRNAs are tissue or organ-specific which implies their possible potential as biomarkers or maybe even therapeutical agents as documented by microRNA research interest rising exponentially during last years. Among all, microRNAs are important also for physiological function of the kidney and they are involved in various renal disorders. Today research is focused mainly on renal and urinary tract carcinogenesis, acute kidney injury, chronic renal diseases (polycystic kidney disease) or renal complications of systemic diseases such as diabetic or hypertension nephropathy and autoimmune kidney injury including acute allograft rejection after kidney transplantation. The review summarizes current information about microRNA effect on kidney development and function and also on the most common kidney diseases.
微小RNA是短链非编码核糖核酸分子，可在转录后水平调节基因表达，从而影响生物体中重要的生理以及病理生理过程，例如细胞分化、增殖、凋亡和代谢。它们参与包括癌症在内的许多疾病的发病机制。许多微小RNA具有组织或器官特异性，这意味着它们有可能作为生物标志物，甚至可能成为治疗剂，过去几年对微小RNA的研究兴趣呈指数级增长就证明了这一点。其中，微小RNA对肾脏的生理功能也很重要，并且它们参与各种肾脏疾病。如今的研究主要集中在肾脏和尿路癌发生、急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏疾病（多囊肾病）或全身性疾病的肾脏并发症，如糖尿病或高血压肾病以及自身免疫性肾损伤，包括肾移植后的急性同种异体移植排斥反应。这篇综述总结了关于微小RNA对肾脏发育、功能以及最常见肾脏疾病影响的当前信息。
